See 形而上學 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "形而下學"
},
{
"word": "形而下学"
},
{
"roman": "biànzhèngfǎ",
"word": "辯證法"
},
{
"roman": "biànzhèngfǎ",
"word": "辩证法"
}
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "Hence that which is antecedent to the material form exists, we say, as an ideal method, and that which is subsequent to the material form exists, we say, as a definite thing.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " I Ching, 11ᵗʰ – 8ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Shìgù, xíng'érshàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng'érxià zhě wèi zhī qì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "是故，形而上者謂之道，形而下者謂之器。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Hence that which is antecedent to the material form exists, we say, as an ideal method, and that which is subsequent to the material form exists, we say, as a definite thing.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " I Ching, 11ᵗʰ – 8ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Shìgù, xíng'érshàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng'érxià zhě wèi zhī qì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "是故，形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "形而上"
},
"expansion": "形而上 (xíng'érshàng)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The 形而上 (xíng'érshàng) part is from I Ching",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形而上学",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "形而上學",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 47 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 32 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Logic",
"orig": "zh:Logic",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Philosophy",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 20 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "zh:Philosophy",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"metaphysics (a branch of philosophy)"
],
"id": "en-形而上學-zh-noun-~VaSLGL0",
"links": [
[
"metaphysics",
"metaphysics"
],
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 47 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 32 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Logic",
"orig": "zh:Logic",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Philosophy",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Adhere to dialectical materialism and oppose metaphysics.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Jiānchí wéiwù biànzhèngfǎ, fǎnduì xíng'érshàngxué.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "堅持唯物辯證法，反對形而上學。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Adhere to dialectical materialism and oppose metaphysics.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Jiānchí wéiwù biànzhèngfǎ, fǎnduì xíng'érshàngxué.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "坚持唯物辩证法，反对形而上学。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"metaphysics (the world outlook and methodology opposed to dialectics)"
],
"id": "en-形而上學-zh-noun-xwybpFDC",
"links": [
[
"metaphysics",
"metaphysics"
],
[
"dialectics",
"dialectics#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 47 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 32 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Logic",
"orig": "zh:Logic",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Philosophy",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"social science"
],
"id": "en-形而上學-zh-noun-lYNw1c-Q",
"links": [
[
"social science",
"social science"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) social science"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xíng'érshàngxué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶ hok⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xíng'érshàngxué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "síng-érshàngsyué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsing²-êrh²-shang⁴-hsüeh²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syíng-ér-shàng-sywé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shyngerlshanqshyue"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "синъэршансюэ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sinʺeršansjue"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhng yìh seuhng hohk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶ hok⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ying⁴ yi⁴ sêng⁶ hog⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɪŋ²¹ jiː²¹ sœːŋ²² hɔːk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɪŋ²¹ jiː²¹ sœːŋ²² hɔːk̚²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "53 47 0",
"roman": "xíngshàng",
"sense": "metaphysics",
"word": "形上"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 47 0",
"roman": "xuánxué",
"sense": "metaphysics",
"word": "玄學"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 47 0",
"roman": "xuánxué",
"sense": "metaphysics",
"word": "玄学"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"I Ching"
],
"word": "形而上學"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "形而下學"
},
{
"word": "形而下学"
},
{
"roman": "biànzhèngfǎ",
"word": "辯證法"
},
{
"roman": "biànzhèngfǎ",
"word": "辩证法"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 上",
"Chinese terms spelled with 學",
"Chinese terms spelled with 形",
"Chinese terms spelled with 而",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Logic",
"zh:Philosophy"
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "Hence that which is antecedent to the material form exists, we say, as an ideal method, and that which is subsequent to the material form exists, we say, as a definite thing.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " I Ching, 11ᵗʰ – 8ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Shìgù, xíng'érshàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng'érxià zhě wèi zhī qì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "是故，形而上者謂之道，形而下者謂之器。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Hence that which is antecedent to the material form exists, we say, as an ideal method, and that which is subsequent to the material form exists, we say, as a definite thing.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " I Ching, 11ᵗʰ – 8ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Shìgù, xíng'érshàng zhě wèi zhī dào, xíng'érxià zhě wèi zhī qì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "是故，形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "形而上"
},
"expansion": "形而上 (xíng'érshàng)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The 形而上 (xíng'érshàng) part is from I Ching",
"forms": [
{
"form": "形而上学",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "形而上學",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"metaphysics (a branch of philosophy)"
],
"links": [
[
"metaphysics",
"metaphysics"
],
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Adhere to dialectical materialism and oppose metaphysics.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Jiānchí wéiwù biànzhèngfǎ, fǎnduì xíng'érshàngxué.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "堅持唯物辯證法，反對形而上學。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Adhere to dialectical materialism and oppose metaphysics.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Jiānchí wéiwù biànzhèngfǎ, fǎnduì xíng'érshàngxué.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "坚持唯物辩证法，反对形而上学。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"metaphysics (the world outlook and methodology opposed to dialectics)"
],
"links": [
[
"metaphysics",
"metaphysics"
],
[
"dialectics",
"dialectics#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"social science"
],
"links": [
[
"social science",
"social science"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) social science"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "xíng'érshàngxué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶ hok⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "xíng'érshàngxué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "síng-érshàngsyué"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hsing²-êrh²-shang⁴-hsüeh²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "syíng-ér-shàng-sywé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "shyngerlshanqshyue"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "синъэршансюэ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "sinʺeršansjue"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhng yìh seuhng hohk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶ hok⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ying⁴ yi⁴ sêng⁶ hog⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɪŋ²¹ jiː²¹ sœːŋ²² hɔːk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɪŋ²¹ jiː²¹ sœːŋ²² hɔːk̚²/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xíngshàng",
"sense": "metaphysics",
"word": "形上"
},
{
"roman": "xuánxué",
"sense": "metaphysics",
"word": "玄學"
},
{
"roman": "xuánxué",
"sense": "metaphysics",
"word": "玄学"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"I Ching"
],
"word": "形而上學"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 形而上學 meaning in Chinese (4.7kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"形而上學"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "形而上學",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"形而上學"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "形而上學",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.