"幾久" meaning in Chinese

See 幾久 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adverb

IPA: /kei⁵⁵ kiu⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA, Taicheng, Taishanese], /ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/ [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /kit̚² ki̯u³¹/ [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Sinological-IPA, Sixian, Southern], /kit̚² ki̯u³¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Sinological-IPA, Sixian, Southern], /it̚² ki̯u³¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Sinological-IPA, Sixian, Southern], /kit̚¹ kiu³¹/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /kei⁵⁵ kiu⁵⁵/, /ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/, /kit̚² ki̯u³¹/, /ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/, /kit̚² ki̯u³¹/, /it̚² ki̯u³¹/, /kit̚¹ kiu³¹/ Chinese transliterations: gei² giu² [Cantonese, Taishan, Wiktionary-specific], kí-kiú [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], kit-kiú [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], it-kiú [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], gid⁵ giu³ [Guangdong, Hakka, Meixian], gei² giu² [Cantonese, Taicheng, Taishanese, Wiktionary-specific], kí-kiú [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], kit-kiú [Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], gi` giu` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], gid` giu` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], gi³ giu³ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], gid⁵ giu³ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Miaoli, Northern, Sixian], kí-kiú [Hakka, Meinong, Phak-fa-su, Sixian, Southern], kit-kiú [Hakka, Meinong, Phak-fa-su, Sixian, Southern], it-kiú [Hakka, Meinong, Phak-fa-su, Sixian, Southern], gi` giu` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], gid` giu` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], id` giu` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], gi³ giu³ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], gid⁵ giu³ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Sixian, Southern], id⁵ giu³ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Sixian, Southern]
Head templates: {{head|zh|adverb}} 幾久
  1. (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka) how long (in terms of time) Tags: Cantonese, Hakka, dialectal
    Sense id: en-幾久-zh-adv-Obb8uS5N Categories (other): Cantonese Chinese, Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Hakka Chinese Synonyms: 多久 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 多久 [Mandarin, Taiwan], 多久 [Mandarin, Singapore], 幾耐 [Cantonese, Guangzhou], 幾耐 [Cantonese, Hong-Kong], 幾久 [Cantonese, Taishan], 幾耐 [Cantonese, Guangfu, Singapore], 幾久 [Hakka, Meixian], 幾久 [Hakka, Sixian, Miaoli, Northern], 幾久 [Hakka, Sixian, Pingtung], 幾久 [Hakka, Hsinchu-County], 幾久 [Hakka, Taichung], 幾久 [Hakka, Yunlin], 偌久 [Xiamen], 偌久 [Quanzhou], 偌久 [Zhangzhou], 偌久 [Tainan], 偌久 [Hokkien, Penang], 偌久 [Hokkien, Singapore], 偌久 [Hokkien, Manila], 若久 [Chaozhou], 若久, 若久 [Jieyang], 多少辰光 [Wu, Shanghai], 幾下兒 [Wu, Wenzhou], 幾恁長久 [Wu, Wenzhou]

Download JSON data for 幾久 meaning in Chinese (4.9kB)

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "幾久",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Cantonese Chinese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hakka Chinese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "how long (in terms of time)"
      ],
      "id": "en-幾久-zh-adv-Obb8uS5N",
      "links": [
        [
          "how long",
          "how long"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka) how long (in terms of time)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "多久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Taiwan"
          ],
          "word": "多久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Singapore"
          ],
          "word": "多久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Guangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "幾耐"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Hong-Kong"
          ],
          "word": "幾耐"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Taishan"
          ],
          "word": "幾久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Guangfu",
            "Singapore"
          ],
          "word": "幾耐"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Meixian"
          ],
          "word": "幾久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Sixian",
            "Miaoli",
            "Northern"
          ],
          "word": "幾久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Sixian",
            "Pingtung"
          ],
          "word": "幾久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Hsinchu-County"
          ],
          "word": "幾久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Taichung"
          ],
          "word": "幾久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Yunlin"
          ],
          "word": "幾久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Xiamen"
          ],
          "word": "偌久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Quanzhou"
          ],
          "word": "偌久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Zhangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "偌久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tainan"
          ],
          "word": "偌久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien",
            "Penang"
          ],
          "word": "偌久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien",
            "Singapore"
          ],
          "word": "偌久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien",
            "Manila"
          ],
          "word": "偌久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Chaozhou"
          ],
          "word": "若久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [],
          "word": "若久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Jieyang"
          ],
          "word": "若久"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Shanghai"
          ],
          "word": "多少辰光"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Wenzhou"
          ],
          "word": "幾下兒"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Wenzhou"
          ],
          "word": "幾恁長久"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hakka",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gei² giu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kí-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kit-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "it-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gid⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gei² giu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kei⁵⁵ kiu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kí-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kit-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi` giu`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gid` giu`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi³ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gid⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚² ki̯u³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kí-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kit-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "it-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi` giu`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gid` giu`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "id` giu`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi³ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gid⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "id⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚² ki̯u³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/it̚² ki̯u³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚¹ kiu³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ kit-kiú /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kei⁵⁵ kiu⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚² ki̯u³¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ kit-kiú /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ gid` giu` /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ gid⁵ giu³ /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚² ki̯u³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/it̚² ki̯u³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚¹ kiu³¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "幾久"
}
{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "幾久",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese Chinese",
        "Chinese adverbs",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Hakka Chinese",
        "Hakka adverbs",
        "Hakka lemmas",
        "Taishanese adverbs",
        "Taishanese lemmas"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "how long (in terms of time)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "how long",
          "how long"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka) how long (in terms of time)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hakka",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gei² giu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kí-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kit-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "it-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gid⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gei² giu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kei⁵⁵ kiu⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kí-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kit-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi` giu`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gid` giu`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi³ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gid⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚² ki̯u³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kí-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kit-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "it-kiú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi` giu`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gid` giu`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "id` giu`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gi³ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gid⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "id⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚² ki̯u³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/it̚² ki̯u³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚¹ kiu³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "/ kit-kiú /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kei⁵⁵ kiu⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚² ki̯u³¹/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ kit-kiú /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ gid` giu` /"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ gid⁵ giu³ /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ki³¹ ki̯u³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚² ki̯u³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/it̚² ki̯u³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kit̚¹ kiu³¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "多久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "多久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "多久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "幾耐"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "幾耐"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan"
      ],
      "word": "幾久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangfu",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "幾耐"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "word": "幾久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern"
      ],
      "word": "幾久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Pingtung"
      ],
      "word": "幾久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "幾久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Taichung"
      ],
      "word": "幾久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "幾久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Yunlin"
      ],
      "word": "幾久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "偌久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou"
      ],
      "word": "偌久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "偌久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tainan"
      ],
      "word": "偌久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Penang"
      ],
      "word": "偌久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "偌久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Manila"
      ],
      "word": "偌久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chaozhou"
      ],
      "word": "若久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [],
      "word": "若久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jieyang"
      ],
      "word": "若久"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "word": "多少辰光"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Wenzhou"
      ],
      "word": "幾下兒"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Wenzhou"
      ],
      "word": "幾恁長久"
    }
  ],
  "word": "幾久"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.