封閉系統 in Chinese

IPA: /fɤŋ⁵⁵ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /fʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐi̯³³ hɐi̯²² tʰʊŋ³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /fɤŋ⁵⁵ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/, /fʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐi̯³³ hɐi̯²² tʰʊŋ³⁵/ Chinese transliterations: fēngbì xìtǒng [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄈㄥㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ [Mandarin, bopomofo], fung¹ bai³ hai⁶ tung² [Cantonese, Jyutping], fēngbì xìtǒng [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], fongbì sìtǒng [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], fêng¹-pi⁴ hsi⁴-tʻung³ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], fēng-bì syì-tǔng [Mandarin, Yale], fengbih shihtoong [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], фэнби ситун [Mandarin, Palladius], fɛnbi situn [Mandarin, Palladius], fūng bai haih túng [Cantonese, Yale], fung¹ bai³ hai⁶ tung² [Cantonese, Pinyin], fung¹ bei³ hei⁶ tung² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 封閉系統

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "封閉系統",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Physics",
          "orig": "zh:Physics",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "closed system"
      ],
      "id": "en-封閉系統-zh-noun-nVd9Dd7c",
      "links": [
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ],
        [
          "closed system",
          "closed system"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(physics) closed system"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fēngbì xìtǒng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄈㄥ ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fung¹ bai³ hai⁶ tung²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fēngbì xìtǒng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fongbì sìtǒng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fêng¹-pi⁴ hsi⁴-tʻung³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fēng-bì syì-tǔng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fengbih shihtoong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "фэнби ситун"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fɛnbi situn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fūng bai haih túng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fung¹ bai³ hai⁶ tung²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fung¹ bei³ hei⁶ tung²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐi̯³³ hɐi̯²² tʰʊŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐi̯³³ hɐi̯²² tʰʊŋ³⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "封閉系統"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "封閉系統",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns",
        "zh:Physics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "closed system"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ],
        [
          "closed system",
          "closed system"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(physics) closed system"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fēngbì xìtǒng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄈㄥ ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fung¹ bai³ hai⁶ tung²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fēngbì xìtǒng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fongbì sìtǒng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fêng¹-pi⁴ hsi⁴-tʻung³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fēng-bì syì-tǔng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fengbih shihtoong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "фэнби ситун"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fɛnbi situn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fūng bai haih túng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fung¹ bai³ hai⁶ tung²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fung¹ bei³ hei⁶ tung²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐi̯³³ hɐi̯²² tʰʊŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐi̯³³ hɐi̯²² tʰʊŋ³⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "封閉系統"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "封閉系統"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "封閉系統",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "封閉系統"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "封閉系統",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"封閉系統" meaning in Chinese

Noun