See 同化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "異化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "异化"
},
{
"roman": "fēnhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "分化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”",
"word": "異化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”",
"word": "异化"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tónghuà zuòyòng",
"word": "同化作用"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "民族同化"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "同化"
},
"expansion": "同化",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "同%化",
"2": "どう%か",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "同(どう)化(か) (dōka)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "동화(同化)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "同化",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 동화(同化) (donghwa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "đồng hoá",
"bor": "1",
"id": "同化",
"t": "",
"tr": "同化"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: đồng hoá (同化)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "同化",
"2": "どう%か",
"3": "동화",
"4": "đồng hoá",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "同化",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "同化",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "同%化",
"v": "同化",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (同化):\n* → Japanese: 同(どう)化(か) (dōka)\n* → Korean: 동화(同化) (donghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: đồng hoá (同化)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "どう%か",
"3": "동화",
"4": "đồng hoá",
"j": "同%化"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (同化):\n* → Japanese: 同(どう)化(か) (dōka)\n* → Korean: 동화(同化) (donghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: đồng hoá (同化)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (同化):\n* → Japanese: 同(どう)化(か) (dōka)\n* → Korean: 동화(同化) (donghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: đồng hoá (同化)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "同化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to make similar"
],
"id": "en-同化-zh-verb-KYiPZcP-",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) to make similar"
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Phonology",
"orig": "zh:Phonology",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 49 8 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 50 8 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to assimilate"
],
"id": "en-同化-zh-verb-7MdElNHR",
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"assimilate",
"assimilate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology) to assimilate"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tung⁴ faa³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dùng-huá"
},
{
"zh-pron": "tông-hòa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶don-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻung²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "túng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tornghuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "тунхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tunxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tùhng fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tung⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tung⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "dùng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tông-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tông-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "donghoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶don-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "don^去 ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³don-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/doŋ²² ho⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ²¹ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/doŋ²² ho⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "異化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "异化"
},
{
"roman": "fēnhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "分化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”",
"word": "異化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”",
"word": "异化"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 同",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tónghuà zuòyòng",
"word": "同化作用"
},
{
"word": "民族同化"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "同化"
},
"expansion": "同化",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "同%化",
"2": "どう%か",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "同(どう)化(か) (dōka)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "동화(同化)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "同化",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 동화(同化) (donghwa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "đồng hoá",
"bor": "1",
"id": "同化",
"t": "",
"tr": "同化"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: đồng hoá (同化)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "同化",
"2": "どう%か",
"3": "동화",
"4": "đồng hoá",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "同化",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "同化",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "同%化",
"v": "同化",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (同化):\n* → Japanese: 同(どう)化(か) (dōka)\n* → Korean: 동화(同化) (donghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: đồng hoá (同化)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "どう%か",
"3": "동화",
"4": "đồng hoá",
"j": "同%化"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (同化):\n* → Japanese: 同(どう)化(か) (dōka)\n* → Korean: 동화(同化) (donghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: đồng hoá (同化)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (同化):\n* → Japanese: 同(どう)化(か) (dōka)\n* → Korean: 동화(同化) (donghwa)\n* → Vietnamese: đồng hoá (同化)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "同化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese ergative verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to make similar"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) to make similar"
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:Phonology"
],
"glosses": [
"to assimilate"
],
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"assimilate",
"assimilate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology) to assimilate"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "tung⁴ faa³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dùng-huá"
},
{
"zh-pron": "tông-hòa"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶don-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻung²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "túng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tornghuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "тунхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tunxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "tùhng fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tung⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "tung⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "dùng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "tông-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tông-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "donghoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶don-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "don^去 ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³don-ho"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/doŋ²² ho⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ²¹ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/doŋ²² ho⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 同化 meaning in Chinese (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": "started on line 21, detected on line 21"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
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"section": "Chinese",
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"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.