See 佛朗機 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "furanki",
"word": "フランキ"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "bullanggi",
"word": "불랑기(佛朗機)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "فرنگی",
"4": "",
"5": "European, Westerner",
"tr": "farangī"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, “European, Westerner”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ฝรั่ง"
},
"expansion": "Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, “European, Westerner”). Cognate of Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "佛朗机",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "佛郎機",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "佛郎机",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "佛朗機",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people"
],
"id": "en-佛朗機-zh-noun-YpTTOi2E",
"links": [
[
"generic",
"generic"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"foreigner",
"foreigner"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe"
],
[
"Ming",
"Ming"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanish"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"roman": "pútáoyárén",
"sense": "Portuguese",
"word": "葡萄牙人"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"roman": "púrén",
"sense": "Portuguese",
"tags": [
"short-form"
],
"word": "葡人"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”",
"word": "佛朗機炮"
},
{
"extra": "fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”",
"word": "佛朗机炮"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"short for 佛朗機炮／佛朗机炮 (fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”)"
],
"id": "en-佛朗機-zh-noun-z0j1zTz0",
"links": [
[
"佛朗機炮",
"佛朗機炮#Chinese"
],
[
"佛朗机炮",
"佛朗机炮#Chinese"
],
[
"breech-loading",
"breech-loading"
],
[
"swivel gun",
"swivel gun"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Fólǎngjī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄤˇ ㄐㄧ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fat⁶ long⁵ gei¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Fólǎngjī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄤˇ ㄐㄧ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Fólǎngji"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Fo²-lang³-chi¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Fwó-lǎng-jī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Forlaangji"
},
{
"roman": "Folanczi",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Фоланцзи"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu̯ɔ³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fat⁶ long⁵ gei¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "faht lóhng gēi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "fat⁹ long⁵ gei¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "fed⁶ long⁵ géi¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɐt̚² lɔːŋ¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Xībānyárén",
"tags": [
"Spanish"
],
"word": "西班牙人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hòa-lâng",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Spanish",
"historical"
],
"word": "化人"
}
],
"word": "佛朗機"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Chinese terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Chinese terms spelled with 佛",
"Chinese terms spelled with 朗",
"Chinese terms spelled with 機",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "furanki",
"word": "フランキ"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "bullanggi",
"word": "불랑기(佛朗機)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "فرنگی",
"4": "",
"5": "European, Westerner",
"tr": "farangī"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, “European, Westerner”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ฝรั่ง"
},
"expansion": "Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, “European, Westerner”). Cognate of Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "佛朗机",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "佛郎機",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Traditional-Chinese"
]
},
{
"form": "佛郎机",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "佛朗機",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people"
],
"links": [
[
"generic",
"generic"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"foreigner",
"foreigner"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe"
],
[
"Ming",
"Ming"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanish"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”",
"word": "佛朗機炮"
},
{
"extra": "fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”",
"word": "佛朗机炮"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese short forms"
],
"glosses": [
"short for 佛朗機炮／佛朗机炮 (fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”)"
],
"links": [
[
"佛朗機炮",
"佛朗機炮#Chinese"
],
[
"佛朗机炮",
"佛朗机炮#Chinese"
],
[
"breech-loading",
"breech-loading"
],
[
"swivel gun",
"swivel gun"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Fólǎngjī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄤˇ ㄐㄧ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fat⁶ long⁵ gei¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Fólǎngjī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄤˇ ㄐㄧ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "Fólǎngji"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "Fo²-lang³-chi¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "Fwó-lǎng-jī"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "Forlaangji"
},
{
"roman": "Folanczi",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "Фоланцзи"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu̯ɔ³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fat⁶ long⁵ gei¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "faht lóhng gēi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "fat⁹ long⁵ gei¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "fed⁶ long⁵ géi¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɐt̚² lɔːŋ¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "pútáoyárén",
"sense": "Portuguese",
"word": "葡萄牙人"
},
{
"roman": "púrén",
"sense": "Portuguese",
"tags": [
"short-form"
],
"word": "葡人"
},
{
"roman": "Xībānyárén",
"tags": [
"Spanish"
],
"word": "西班牙人"
},
{
"roman": "hòa-lâng",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Spanish",
"historical"
],
"word": "化人"
}
],
"word": "佛朗機"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 佛朗機 meaning in Chinese (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.