See llençar in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for llençar meaning in Catalan (9.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "llançar"
},
"expansion": "llançar",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of llançar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "llençar",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "root stress:",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ɛ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "/e/",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "llenço",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llencí",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ca-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ç-c alternation",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "llençar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "llençant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "llençat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençada",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llençades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llenço",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llences",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llença",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "llenceu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençàvem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llençàveu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaré",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaràs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençarà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençarem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llençareu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaran",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençares",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençàrem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "llençàreu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaries",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaríem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaríeu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençarien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llenci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llenci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llenceu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencés",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencessis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencés",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencéssim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencéssiu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencessin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llença",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llenci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llencem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llenceu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
},
{
"form": "no llencis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no llenci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no llencem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no llenceu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no llencin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"root": "ê"
},
"expansion": "llençar (first-person singular present llenço, first-person singular preterite llencí, past participle llençat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencian) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/",
"name": "ca-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ca-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 43 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to throw (to cause an object to move rapidly through the air)"
],
"id": "en-llençar-ca-verb-nkw1SAMh",
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to throw (to cause an object to move rapidly through the air)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "llançar"
}
],
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 43 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 58 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan verbs with ç-c alternation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Supermarket 2 for 1 deals or packages of large quantities are good for the pocket but are often synonymous with throwing out food.",
"ref": "2020 August 12, Claudia Frontino, “A l’estiu, aprofitem-ho tot! [In the summer, let's make use of it all!]”, in Ara",
"text": "Les ofertes del supermercat de 2x1 o els paquets de grans quantitats van bé per a la butxaca però sovint són sinònim de llençar menjar.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to throw away, to throw out, to discard"
],
"id": "en-llençar-ca-verb-qRBIy4tn",
"links": [
[
"throw away",
"throw away"
],
[
"throw out",
"throw out"
],
[
"discard",
"discard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to throw away, to throw out, to discard"
],
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 43 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to throw money away",
"text": "llençar els diners",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to waste, to squander, to throw away"
],
"id": "en-llençar-ca-verb-chmNd5V2",
"links": [
[
"waste",
"waste"
],
[
"squander",
"squander"
],
[
"throw away",
"throw away"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative) to waste, to squander, to throw away"
],
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʎənˈsa]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʎenˈsaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
},
{
"homophone": "llançà"
},
{
"homophone": "llançar"
},
{
"homophone": "llençà"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a(ɾ)"
}
],
"word": "llençar"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan first conjugation verbs",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan terms with homophones",
"Catalan verbs",
"Catalan verbs with ç-c alternation",
"Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)",
"Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "llançar"
},
"expansion": "llançar",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of llançar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "llençar",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "root stress:",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ɛ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "/e/",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "/ə/",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "llenço",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llencí",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ca-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ç-c alternation",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "llençar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "llençant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "llençat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençada",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llençades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llenço",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llences",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llença",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "llenceu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençàvem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llençàveu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaré",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaràs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençarà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençarem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llençareu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaran",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençares",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençàrem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "llençàreu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaries",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaríem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llençaríeu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llençarien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llenci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llenci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llenceu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencés",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencessis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencés",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencéssim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencéssiu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "llencessin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llença",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llenci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "llencem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "llenceu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "llencin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
},
{
"form": "no llencis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no llenci",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no llencem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no llenceu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no llencin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"root": "ê"
},
"expansion": "llençar (first-person singular present llenço, first-person singular preterite llencí, past participle llençat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencian) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/",
"name": "ca-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ca-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to throw (to cause an object to move rapidly through the air)"
],
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to throw (to cause an object to move rapidly through the air)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "llançar"
}
],
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Catalan terms with quotations",
"Catalan transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Supermarket 2 for 1 deals or packages of large quantities are good for the pocket but are often synonymous with throwing out food.",
"ref": "2020 August 12, Claudia Frontino, “A l’estiu, aprofitem-ho tot! [In the summer, let's make use of it all!]”, in Ara",
"text": "Les ofertes del supermercat de 2x1 o els paquets de grans quantitats van bé per a la butxaca però sovint són sinònim de llençar menjar.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to throw away, to throw out, to discard"
],
"links": [
[
"throw away",
"throw away"
],
[
"throw out",
"throw out"
],
[
"discard",
"discard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to throw away, to throw out, to discard"
],
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Catalan terms with usage examples",
"Catalan transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to throw money away",
"text": "llençar els diners",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to waste, to squander, to throw away"
],
"links": [
[
"waste",
"waste"
],
[
"squander",
"squander"
],
[
"throw away",
"throw away"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative) to waste, to squander, to throw away"
],
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʎənˈsa]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʎenˈsaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
},
{
"homophone": "llançà"
},
{
"homophone": "llançar"
},
{
"homophone": "llençà"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a(ɾ)"
}
],
"word": "llençar"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Catalan dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.