See espiar in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "espia",
"3": "ar"
},
"expansion": "espia + -ar",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*spiāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *spiāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "got",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*spehōn"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *spehōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*spehōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to see, look"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to look"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From espia + -ar, or from Vulgar Latin *spiāre, from Gothic or Frankish *spehōn, from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espio",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espií",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ca-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "espiar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "espiat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiada",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espiades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espio",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "espieu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiàvem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espiàveu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaré",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaràs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiarà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiarem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espiareu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaran",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espií",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiares",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espià",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiàrem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "espiàreu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaries",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaríem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaríeu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiarien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiï",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiïs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiï",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espieu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiïn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiés",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiessis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiés",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiéssim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiéssiu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiessin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiï",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espieu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiïn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
},
{
"form": "no espiïs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no espiï",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no espiem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no espieu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no espiïn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "espiar (first-person singular present espio, first-person singular preterite espií, past participle espiat)",
"name": "ca-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ca-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan terms suffixed with -ar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "espieta"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to spy (act as a spy)"
],
"id": "en-espiar-ca-verb-GUm6tQyG",
"links": [
[
"spy",
"spy"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "espia"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[əs.piˈa]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "espiar"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "espieta"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "espia",
"3": "ar"
},
"expansion": "espia + -ar",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*spiāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *spiāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "got",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*spehōn"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *spehōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*spehōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to see, look"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to look"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From espia + -ar, or from Vulgar Latin *spiāre, from Gothic or Frankish *spehōn, from Proto-Germanic *spehōną (“to see, look”), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espio",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espií",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ca-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "espiar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "espiat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiada",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espiades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espio",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "espieu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiava",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiàvem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espiàveu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaré",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaràs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiarà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiarem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espiareu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaran",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espií",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiares",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espià",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiàrem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "espiàreu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaries",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaria",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaríem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espiaríeu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiarien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiï",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiïs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiï",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espieu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiïn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiés",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiessis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiés",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiéssim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiéssiu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "espiessin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiï",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espiem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espieu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "espiïn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
},
{
"form": "no espiïs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no espiï",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no espiem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no espieu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no espiïn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "espiar (first-person singular present espio, first-person singular preterite espií, past participle espiat)",
"name": "ca-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ca-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "espia"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan first conjugation verbs",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan terms derived from Frankish",
"Catalan terms derived from Gothic",
"Catalan terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Catalan terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Catalan terms suffixed with -ar",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to spy (act as a spy)"
],
"links": [
[
"spy",
"spy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[əs.piˈa]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[es.piˈaɾ]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "espiar"
}
Download raw JSONL data for espiar meaning in Catalan (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Catalan dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.