See мъка in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mǎkúvam",
"tags": [
"iterative"
],
"word": "мъку́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mǎ́ča",
"word": "мъ́ча"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mǎkotá",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
],
"word": "мъкота́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mǎ́čica",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "мъ́чица"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mǎčniná",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
],
"word": "мъчнина́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mǎčnotá",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
],
"word": "мъчнота́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mǎ́čen",
"word": "мъ́чен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mǎčnovát",
"word": "мъчнова́т"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*mǫka",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "abstract noun",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mǫka (abstract noun)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*mǫka",
"pos": "abstract noun"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (abstract noun)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (abstract noun), originally meaning “pressure, stress”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "мъ́ка",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "mǎ́ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "мъ́ка",
"roman": "mǎ́ka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "мъ́ки",
"roman": "mǎ́ki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "мъ́ката",
"roman": "mǎ́kata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "мъ́ките",
"roman": "mǎ́kite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ма́ка",
"roman": "máka",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "му́ка",
"roman": "múka",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "мъ́ка",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "мъ́ка • (mǎ́ka) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "мъ́ка<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "flour; Russian borrowing",
"roman": "muká",
"translation": "flour; Russian borrowing",
"word": "мука́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "flour crate",
"roman": "mǎ́čnik",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translation": "flour crate",
"word": "мъ́чник"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 37 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
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2,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
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23,
31
]
],
"english": "to do something with a struggle",
"roman": "s mǎka vǎrša nešto",
"text": "с мъка върша нещо",
"translation": "to do something with a struggle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
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19,
26
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],
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],
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9,
13
]
],
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11,
21
]
],
"english": "with great difficulty",
"literal_meaning": "with three hundred efforts",
"raw_tags": [
"idiom"
],
"roman": "s trista mǎki",
"text": "с триста мъки",
"translation": "with great difficulty",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trouble, hardship, struggle, laborious effort (experience)"
],
"id": "en-мъка-bg-noun-gWJXyBPN",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"laborious",
"laborious"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 37 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "throes of creation",
"roman": "tvorčeska mǎka",
"text": "творческа мъка",
"translation": "throes of creation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "pangs of childbirth",
"roman": "rodilni mǎki",
"text": "родилни мъки",
"translation": "pangs of childbirth",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"throe, agony, anguish, suffering (feeling, sensation)"
],
"id": "en-мъка-bg-noun-O8axFUKs",
"links": [
[
"throe",
"throe"
],
[
"agony",
"agony"
],
[
"anguish",
"anguish"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 37 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
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9,
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],
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10,
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]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
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9,
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]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
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19,
26
]
],
"english": "to feel/experience sadness",
"literal_meaning": "there is stress/hardship onto s.o.",
"roman": "njakomu e mǎka",
"text": "някому е мъка",
"translation": "to feel/experience sadness",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sadness, sorrow, depression"
],
"id": "en-мъка-bg-noun-aaGB9w4F",
"links": [
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) sadness, sorrow, depression"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈmɤkɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɤkɐ"
}
],
"word": "мъка"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian 2-syllable words",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with audio pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/ɤkɐ",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/ɤkɐ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "mǎkúvam",
"tags": [
"iterative"
],
"word": "мъку́вам"
},
{
"roman": "mǎ́ča",
"word": "мъ́ча"
},
{
"roman": "mǎkotá",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
],
"word": "мъкота́"
},
{
"roman": "mǎ́čica",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "мъ́чица"
},
{
"roman": "mǎčniná",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
],
"word": "мъчнина́"
},
{
"roman": "mǎčnotá",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
],
"word": "мъчнота́"
},
{
"roman": "mǎ́čen",
"word": "мъ́чен"
},
{
"roman": "mǎčnovát",
"word": "мъчнова́т"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*mǫka",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "abstract noun",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mǫka (abstract noun)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*mǫka",
"pos": "abstract noun"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (abstract noun)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (abstract noun), originally meaning “pressure, stress”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "мъ́ка",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "mǎ́ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "мъ́ка",
"roman": "mǎ́ka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "мъ́ки",
"roman": "mǎ́ki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "мъ́ката",
"roman": "mǎ́kata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "мъ́ките",
"roman": "mǎ́kite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ма́ка",
"roman": "máka",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "му́ка",
"roman": "múka",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "мъ́ка",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "мъ́ка • (mǎ́ka) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "мъ́ка<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "flour; Russian borrowing",
"roman": "muká",
"translation": "flour; Russian borrowing",
"word": "мука́"
},
{
"english": "flour crate",
"roman": "mǎ́čnik",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translation": "flour crate",
"word": "мъ́чник"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
2,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
6
]
],
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23,
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]
],
"english": "to do something with a struggle",
"roman": "s mǎka vǎrša nešto",
"text": "с мъка върша нещо",
"translation": "to do something with a struggle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
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13
]
],
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11,
21
]
],
"english": "with great difficulty",
"literal_meaning": "with three hundred efforts",
"raw_tags": [
"idiom"
],
"roman": "s trista mǎki",
"text": "с триста мъки",
"translation": "with great difficulty",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trouble, hardship, struggle, laborious effort (experience)"
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"struggle",
"struggle"
],
[
"laborious",
"laborious"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
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]
],
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10,
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]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
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]
],
"english": "throes of creation",
"roman": "tvorčeska mǎka",
"text": "творческа мъка",
"translation": "throes of creation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
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8,
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],
"english": "pangs of childbirth",
"roman": "rodilni mǎki",
"text": "родилни мъки",
"translation": "pangs of childbirth",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"throe, agony, anguish, suffering (feeling, sensation)"
],
"links": [
[
"throe",
"throe"
],
[
"agony",
"agony"
],
[
"anguish",
"anguish"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
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24
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],
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10,
14
]
],
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[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"english": "to feel/experience sadness",
"literal_meaning": "there is stress/hardship onto s.o.",
"roman": "njakomu e mǎka",
"text": "някому е мъка",
"translation": "to feel/experience sadness",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sadness, sorrow, depression"
],
"links": [
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) sadness, sorrow, depression"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈmɤkɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɤkɐ"
}
],
"word": "мъка"
}
Download raw JSONL data for мъка meaning in Bulgarian (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Bulgarian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.