"χρόνος" meaning in Ancient Greek

See χρόνος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /kʰró.nos/, /ˈxro.nos/, /ˈxro.nos/, /kʰró.nos/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /ˈkʰro.nos/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /ˈxro.nos/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ˈxro.nos/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ˈxro.nos/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: Of unknown origin. A derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰr-ono-, from *ǵʰer- (“to seize, enclose”), has been suggested, with original connotation of "encompassing time-limit". Other theories connect the word to κορμός (kormós) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”). Etymology templates: {{unk|grc|nocap=1}} unknown, {{der|grc|ine-pro||*gʰr-ono-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰr-ono-, {{inh|grc|ine-pro|*(s)ker-|t=to cut off}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”) Head templates: {{grc-noun|χρόνου|m|second}} χρόνος • (khrónos) m (genitive χρόνου); second declension Inflection templates: {{grc-decl|χρόνος|χρόνου}} Forms: khrónos [romanization], χρόνου [genitive], Attic declension-2 [table-tags], ὁ χρόνος [nominative, singular], τὼ χρόνω [dual, nominative], οἱ χρόνοι [nominative, plural], τοῦ χρόνου [genitive, singular], τοῖν χρόνοιν [dual, genitive], τῶν χρόνων [genitive, plural], τῷ χρόνῳ [dative, singular], τοῖν χρόνοιν [dative, dual], τοῖς χρόνοις [dative, plural], τὸν χρόνον [accusative, singular], τὼ χρόνω [accusative, dual], τοὺς χρόνους [accusative, plural], χρόνε [singular, vocative], χρόνω [dual, vocative], χρόνοι [plural, vocative]
  1. time (in the abstract sense) Categories (topical): Time
    Sense id: en-χρόνος-grc-noun-QDFGyg9M Disambiguation of Time: 40 42 11 2 6 Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 41 3 4 21 31 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 50 2 3 9 13 3 2 13 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 64 2 2 6 9 2 2 9 4
  2. specific time, period, term Categories (topical): Time
    Sense id: en-χρόνος-grc-noun-BULW-Wm~ Disambiguation of Time: 40 42 11 2 6
  3. lifetime Categories (topical): Time
    Sense id: en-χρόνος-grc-noun-b2ptlPtD Disambiguation of Time: 40 42 11 2 6
  4. delay
    Sense id: en-χρόνος-grc-noun-bhbbECJn
  5. (grammar, Koine) tense Tags: Koine Categories (topical): Grammar
    Sense id: en-χρόνος-grc-noun-3rjMJfAU Categories (other): Koine Greek, Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension, Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified Disambiguation of Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension: 20 5 5 27 43 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified: 12 5 6 31 45 Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: καιρός (kairós)
Derived forms: ἀνισόχρονος (anisókhronos), ἀνομοιόχρονος (anomoiókhronos), αὐτόχρονος (autókhronos), ἄχρονος (ákhronos), βαιόχρονος (baiókhronos), δίχρονος (díkhronos), ἔγχρονος (énkhronos), ἑξάχρονος (hexákhronos), ἑπτάχρονος (heptákhronos), ἑτερόχρονος (heterókhronos), ἰσόχρονος (isókhronos), μετάχρονος (metákhronos), μονόχρονος (monókhronos), ὀκτάχρονος (oktákhronos), ὁλόχρονος (holókhronos), ὁμοιόχρονος (homoiókhronos), ὁμόχρονος (homókhronos), πεντάχρονος (pentákhronos), πολυχρονικός (polukhronikós), πρόχρονος (prókhronos), πρωτόχρονος (prōtókhronos), σύγχρονος (súnkhronos), τετράχρονος (tetrákhronos), τρίχρονος (tríkhronos), ὑπέρχρονος (hupérkhronos), ὑπόχρονος (hupókhronos), ὑστερόχρονος (husterókhronos), χρόνιος (khrónios)

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "anisókhronos",
      "word": "ἀνισόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "anomoiókhronos",
      "word": "ἀνομοιόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "autókhronos",
      "word": "αὐτόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "ákhronos",
      "word": "ἄχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "baiókhronos",
      "word": "βαιόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "díkhronos",
      "word": "δίχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "énkhronos",
      "word": "ἔγχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hexákhronos",
      "word": "ἑξάχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "heptákhronos",
      "word": "ἑπτάχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "heterókhronos",
      "word": "ἑτερόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "isókhronos",
      "word": "ἰσόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "metákhronos",
      "word": "μετάχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "monókhronos",
      "word": "μονόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "oktákhronos",
      "word": "ὀκτάχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "holókhronos",
      "word": "ὁλόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "homoiókhronos",
      "word": "ὁμοιόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "homókhronos",
      "word": "ὁμόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pentákhronos",
      "word": "πεντάχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "polukhronikós",
      "word": "πολυχρονικός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "prókhronos",
      "word": "πρόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "prōtókhronos",
      "word": "πρωτόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "súnkhronos",
      "word": "σύγχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tetrákhronos",
      "word": "τετράχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tríkhronos",
      "word": "τρίχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hupérkhronos",
      "word": "ὑπέρχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hupókhronos",
      "word": "ὑπόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "husterókhronos",
      "word": "ὑστερόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "khrónios",
      "word": "χρόνιος"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "χρόνος",
            "g": "m"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: χρόνος m (chrónos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: χρόνος m (chrónos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "хро́нус",
            "g": "m"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: хро́нус m (xrónus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: хро́нус m (xrónus)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cop",
            "2": "ⲭⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ",
            "3": "ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟⲥ",
            "4": "ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲱⲥ",
            "5": "ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟ︦",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲭⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ (khronos), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟⲥ (khrōnos), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲱⲥ (khrōnōs), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟ︦ (khrōno︦)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Coptic: ⲭⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ (khronos), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟⲥ (khrōnos), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲱⲥ (khrōnōs), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟ︦ (khrōno︦)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "crono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: crono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: crono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "chrono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Czech: chrono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Czech: chrono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "chrono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: chrono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: chrono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "chrono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: chrono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: chrono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "cróna-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Irish: cróna-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Irish: cróna-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "crono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: crono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: crono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "crono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: crono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: crono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "crono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: crono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: crono-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʰr-ono-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰr-ono-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)ker-",
        "t": "to cut off"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unknown origin. A derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰr-ono-, from *ǵʰer- (“to seize, enclose”), has been suggested, with original connotation of \"encompassing time-limit\". Other theories connect the word to κορμός (kormós) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "khrónos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χρόνου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ χρόνος",
      "roman": "ho khrónos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χρόνω",
      "roman": "tṑ khrónō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ χρόνοι",
      "roman": "hoi khrónoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ χρόνου",
      "roman": "toû khrónou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χρόνοιν",
      "roman": "toîn khrónoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν χρόνων",
      "roman": "tôn khrónōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ χρόνῳ",
      "roman": "tôi khrónōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χρόνοιν",
      "roman": "toîn khrónoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς χρόνοις",
      "roman": "toîs khrónois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν χρόνον",
      "roman": "tòn khrónon",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χρόνω",
      "roman": "tṑ khrónō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς χρόνους",
      "roman": "toùs khrónous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χρόνε",
      "roman": "khróne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χρόνω",
      "roman": "khrónō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χρόνοι",
      "roman": "khrónoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χρόνου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "χρόνος • (khrónos) m (genitive χρόνου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χρόνος",
        "2": "χρόνου"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 3 4 21 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 2 3 9 13 3 2 13 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 2 2 6 9 2 2 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 42 11 2 6",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "grc:Time",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "time (in the abstract sense)"
      ],
      "id": "en-χρόνος-grc-noun-QDFGyg9M",
      "links": [
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 42 11 2 6",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "grc:Time",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "specific time, period, term"
      ],
      "id": "en-χρόνος-grc-noun-BULW-Wm~",
      "links": [
        [
          "period",
          "period"
        ],
        [
          "term",
          "term"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 42 11 2 6",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "grc:Time",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lifetime"
      ],
      "id": "en-χρόνος-grc-noun-b2ptlPtD",
      "links": [
        [
          "lifetime",
          "lifetime"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "delay"
      ],
      "id": "en-χρόνος-grc-noun-bhbbECJn",
      "links": [
        [
          "delay",
          "delay"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Koine Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Grammar",
          "orig": "grc:Grammar",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 5 5 27 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 5 6 31 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tense"
      ],
      "id": "en-χρόνος-grc-noun-3rjMJfAU",
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "tense",
          "tense"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar, Koine) tense"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Koine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰró.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxro.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxro.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰró.nos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkʰro.nos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxro.nos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxro.nos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxro.nos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kairós",
      "word": "καιρός"
    }
  ],
  "word": "χρόνος"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "grc:Time"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "anisókhronos",
      "word": "ἀνισόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anomoiókhronos",
      "word": "ἀνομοιόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "autókhronos",
      "word": "αὐτόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ákhronos",
      "word": "ἄχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "baiókhronos",
      "word": "βαιόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "díkhronos",
      "word": "δίχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "énkhronos",
      "word": "ἔγχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hexákhronos",
      "word": "ἑξάχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "heptákhronos",
      "word": "ἑπτάχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "heterókhronos",
      "word": "ἑτερόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "isókhronos",
      "word": "ἰσόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "metákhronos",
      "word": "μετάχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "monókhronos",
      "word": "μονόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "oktákhronos",
      "word": "ὀκτάχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "holókhronos",
      "word": "ὁλόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "homoiókhronos",
      "word": "ὁμοιόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "homókhronos",
      "word": "ὁμόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pentákhronos",
      "word": "πεντάχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "polukhronikós",
      "word": "πολυχρονικός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "prókhronos",
      "word": "πρόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "prōtókhronos",
      "word": "πρωτόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "súnkhronos",
      "word": "σύγχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tetrákhronos",
      "word": "τετράχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tríkhronos",
      "word": "τρίχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hupérkhronos",
      "word": "ὑπέρχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hupókhronos",
      "word": "ὑπόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "husterókhronos",
      "word": "ὑστερόχρονος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khrónios",
      "word": "χρόνιος"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "χρόνος",
            "g": "m"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: χρόνος m (chrónos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: χρόνος m (chrónos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "хро́нус",
            "g": "m"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: хро́нус m (xrónus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: хро́нус m (xrónus)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cop",
            "2": "ⲭⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ",
            "3": "ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟⲥ",
            "4": "ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲱⲥ",
            "5": "ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟ︦",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲭⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ (khronos), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟⲥ (khrōnos), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲱⲥ (khrōnōs), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟ︦ (khrōno︦)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Coptic: ⲭⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ (khronos), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟⲥ (khrōnos), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲱⲥ (khrōnōs), ⲭⲣⲱⲛⲟ︦ (khrōno︦)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "crono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: crono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: crono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "chrono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Czech: chrono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Czech: chrono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "chrono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: chrono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: chrono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "chrono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: chrono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: chrono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "cróna-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Irish: cróna-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Irish: cróna-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "crono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: crono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: crono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "crono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: crono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: crono-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "crono-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: crono-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: crono-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʰr-ono-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰr-ono-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)ker-",
        "t": "to cut off"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unknown origin. A derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰr-ono-, from *ǵʰer- (“to seize, enclose”), has been suggested, with original connotation of \"encompassing time-limit\". Other theories connect the word to κορμός (kormós) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "khrónos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χρόνου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ χρόνος",
      "roman": "ho khrónos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χρόνω",
      "roman": "tṑ khrónō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ χρόνοι",
      "roman": "hoi khrónoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ χρόνου",
      "roman": "toû khrónou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χρόνοιν",
      "roman": "toîn khrónoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν χρόνων",
      "roman": "tôn khrónōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ χρόνῳ",
      "roman": "tôi khrónōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν χρόνοιν",
      "roman": "toîn khrónoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς χρόνοις",
      "roman": "toîs khrónois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν χρόνον",
      "roman": "tòn khrónon",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ χρόνω",
      "roman": "tṑ khrónō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς χρόνους",
      "roman": "toùs khrónous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χρόνε",
      "roman": "khróne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χρόνω",
      "roman": "khrónō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χρόνοι",
      "roman": "khrónoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χρόνου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "χρόνος • (khrónos) m (genitive χρόνου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "χρόνος",
        "2": "χρόνου"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "time (in the abstract sense)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "specific time, period, term"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "period",
          "period"
        ],
        [
          "term",
          "term"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lifetime"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lifetime",
          "lifetime"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "delay"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "delay",
          "delay"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Koine Greek",
        "grc:Grammar"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tense"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "tense",
          "tense"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar, Koine) tense"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Koine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰró.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxro.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxro.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰró.nos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkʰro.nos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxro.nos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxro.nos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxro.nos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "kairós",
      "word": "καιρός"
    }
  ],
  "word": "χρόνος"
}

Download raw JSONL data for χρόνος meaning in Ancient Greek (8.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.