"φρουρός" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "φρουρός",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Greek: φρουρός (frourós) (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Greek: φρουρός (frourós) (learned)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "προ-",
        "3": "ὁράω",
        "4": "-ος",
        "pos3": "second declension ending",
        "t1": "forwards",
        "t2": "to see"
      },
      "expansion": "προ- (pro-, “forwards”) + ὁράω (horáō, “to see”) + -ος (-os, second declension ending)",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "|",
      "name": "!"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cr",
        "2": "crasis"
      },
      "expansion": "crasis",
      "name": "grc-apdx"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From προ- (pro-, “forwards”) + ὁράω (horáō, “to see”) + -ος (-os, second declension ending). οο (oo) changed to ου (ou) by crasis and the π (p) changed to φ (ph) by influence of the ῾ (h) sound.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "phrourós",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "φρουροῦ",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ φρουρός",
      "roman": "ho phrourós",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ φρουρώ",
      "roman": "tṑ phrourṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ φρουροί",
      "roman": "hoi phrouroí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ φρουροῦ",
      "roman": "toû phrouroû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν φρουροῖν",
      "roman": "toîn phrouroîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν φρουρῶν",
      "roman": "tôn phrourôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ φρουρῷ",
      "roman": "tôi phrourôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν φρουροῖν",
      "roman": "toîn phrouroîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς φρουροῖς",
      "roman": "toîs phrouroîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν φρουρόν",
      "roman": "tòn phrourón",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ φρουρώ",
      "roman": "tṑ phrourṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς φρουρούς",
      "roman": "toùs phrouroús",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "φρουρέ",
      "roman": "phrouré",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "φρουρώ",
      "roman": "phrourṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "φρουροί",
      "roman": "phrouroí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "φρουροῦ",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "φρουρός • (phrourós) m (genitive φρουροῦ); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "φρουρός",
        "2": "οῦ"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms prefixed with προ-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ος",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "phrourá",
          "word": "φρουρά"
        },
        {
          "roman": "phrouréō",
          "word": "φρουρέω"
        },
        {
          "roman": "phroúrion",
          "word": "φρούριον"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "And after this, the Athenians, after marching into Plataea, brought in food and left behind guards",
          "ref": "460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.6.3",
          "roman": "kaì metà taûta hoi Athēnaîoi strateúsantes es Plátaian sîtón te esḗgagon kaì phrouroùs enkatélipon",
          "text": "καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι στρατεύσαντες ἐς Πλάταιαν σῖτόν τε ἐσήγαγον καὶ φρουροὺς ἐγκατέλιπον"
        },
        {
          "english": "For the daughter of Zeus set beside him two dragons as guards for his body […]",
          "ref": "413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 21–23",
          "text": "Κείνῳ γὰρ ἡ Διὸς κόρη\nφρουρὼ παραζεύξασα φύλακε σώματος\nδισσὼ δράκοντε […]\nKeínōi gàr hē Diòs kórē\nphrourṑ parazeúxasa phúlake sṓmatos\ndissṑ drákonte […]"
        },
        {
          "english": "1969 translation by Paul Shorey\nAnd in the end, I suppose, they seize the citadel of the young man's soul, finding it empty and unoccupied by studies and honorable pursuits and true discourses, which are the best watchmen and guardians in the minds of men who are dear to the gods.",
          "ref": "380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 560b",
          "roman": "teleutôsai dḕ oîmai katélabon tḕn toû néou tês psukhês akrópolin, aisthómenai kenḕn mathēmátōn te kaì epitēdeumátōn kalôn kaì lógōn alēthôn, hoì dḕ áristoi phrouroí te kaì phúlakes en andrôn theophilôn eisi dianoíais.",
          "text": "τελευτῶσαι δὴ οἶμαι κατέλαβον τὴν τοῦ νέου τῆς ψυχῆς ἀκρόπολιν, αἰσθόμεναι κενὴν μαθημάτων τε καὶ ἐπιτηδευμάτων καλῶν καὶ λόγων ἀληθῶν, οἳ δὴ ἄριστοι φρουροί τε καὶ φύλακες ἐν ἀνδρῶν θεοφιλῶν εἰσι διανοίαις."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "watcher, watchman, guard"
      ],
      "id": "en-φρουρός-grc-noun-uHLSlvYn",
      "links": [
        [
          "watcher",
          "watcher"
        ],
        [
          "watchman",
          "watchman"
        ],
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "either literally or figuratively",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(either literally or figuratively) watcher, watchman, guard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰruː.rós/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɸruˈros/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fruˈros/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰruː.rós/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰruˈros/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɸruˈros/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fruˈros/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fruˈros/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "φρουρός"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "phrourá",
      "word": "φρουρά"
    },
    {
      "roman": "phrouréō",
      "word": "φρουρέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "phroúrion",
      "word": "φρούριον"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "φρουρός",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Greek: φρουρός (frourós) (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Greek: φρουρός (frourós) (learned)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "προ-",
        "3": "ὁράω",
        "4": "-ος",
        "pos3": "second declension ending",
        "t1": "forwards",
        "t2": "to see"
      },
      "expansion": "προ- (pro-, “forwards”) + ὁράω (horáō, “to see”) + -ος (-os, second declension ending)",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "|",
      "name": "!"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cr",
        "2": "crasis"
      },
      "expansion": "crasis",
      "name": "grc-apdx"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From προ- (pro-, “forwards”) + ὁράω (horáō, “to see”) + -ος (-os, second declension ending). οο (oo) changed to ου (ou) by crasis and the π (p) changed to φ (ph) by influence of the ῾ (h) sound.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "phrourós",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "φρουροῦ",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ φρουρός",
      "roman": "ho phrourós",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ φρουρώ",
      "roman": "tṑ phrourṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ φρουροί",
      "roman": "hoi phrouroí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ φρουροῦ",
      "roman": "toû phrouroû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν φρουροῖν",
      "roman": "toîn phrouroîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν φρουρῶν",
      "roman": "tôn phrourôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ φρουρῷ",
      "roman": "tôi phrourôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν φρουροῖν",
      "roman": "toîn phrouroîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς φρουροῖς",
      "roman": "toîs phrouroîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν φρουρόν",
      "roman": "tòn phrourón",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ φρουρώ",
      "roman": "tṑ phrourṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς φρουρούς",
      "roman": "toùs phrouroús",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "φρουρέ",
      "roman": "phrouré",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "φρουρώ",
      "roman": "phrourṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "φρουροί",
      "roman": "phrouroí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "φρουροῦ",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "φρουρός • (phrourós) m (genitive φρουροῦ); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "φρουρός",
        "2": "οῦ"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
        "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
        "Ancient Greek terms prefixed with προ-",
        "Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ος",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek terms with quotations",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "And after this, the Athenians, after marching into Plataea, brought in food and left behind guards",
          "ref": "460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.6.3",
          "roman": "kaì metà taûta hoi Athēnaîoi strateúsantes es Plátaian sîtón te esḗgagon kaì phrouroùs enkatélipon",
          "text": "καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι στρατεύσαντες ἐς Πλάταιαν σῖτόν τε ἐσήγαγον καὶ φρουροὺς ἐγκατέλιπον"
        },
        {
          "english": "For the daughter of Zeus set beside him two dragons as guards for his body […]",
          "ref": "413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 21–23",
          "text": "Κείνῳ γὰρ ἡ Διὸς κόρη\nφρουρὼ παραζεύξασα φύλακε σώματος\nδισσὼ δράκοντε […]\nKeínōi gàr hē Diòs kórē\nphrourṑ parazeúxasa phúlake sṓmatos\ndissṑ drákonte […]"
        },
        {
          "english": "1969 translation by Paul Shorey\nAnd in the end, I suppose, they seize the citadel of the young man's soul, finding it empty and unoccupied by studies and honorable pursuits and true discourses, which are the best watchmen and guardians in the minds of men who are dear to the gods.",
          "ref": "380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 560b",
          "roman": "teleutôsai dḕ oîmai katélabon tḕn toû néou tês psukhês akrópolin, aisthómenai kenḕn mathēmátōn te kaì epitēdeumátōn kalôn kaì lógōn alēthôn, hoì dḕ áristoi phrouroí te kaì phúlakes en andrôn theophilôn eisi dianoíais.",
          "text": "τελευτῶσαι δὴ οἶμαι κατέλαβον τὴν τοῦ νέου τῆς ψυχῆς ἀκρόπολιν, αἰσθόμεναι κενὴν μαθημάτων τε καὶ ἐπιτηδευμάτων καλῶν καὶ λόγων ἀληθῶν, οἳ δὴ ἄριστοι φρουροί τε καὶ φύλακες ἐν ἀνδρῶν θεοφιλῶν εἰσι διανοίαις."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "watcher, watchman, guard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "watcher",
          "watcher"
        ],
        [
          "watchman",
          "watchman"
        ],
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "either literally or figuratively",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(either literally or figuratively) watcher, watchman, guard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰruː.rós/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɸruˈros/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fruˈros/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰruː.rós/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰruˈros/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɸruˈros/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fruˈros/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fruˈros/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "φρουρός"
}