See φθορά in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Phytophthora",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "Phytophthora",
"name": "taxfmt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Entomophthora",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "Entomophthora",
"name": "taxfmt"
}
],
"text": "Translingual: Phytophthora, Entomophthora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "phytophthora"
},
"expansion": "English: phytophthora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: phytophthora"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "φθορά"
},
"expansion": "Greek: φθορά (fthorá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: φθορά (fthorá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "phthora",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Late Latin: phthora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Late Latin: phthora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "tora"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: tora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: tora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "phthore",
"3": "phtore",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: phthore, phtore",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: phthore, phtore"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "phthor"
},
"expansion": "English: phthor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: phthor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "фтор",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: фтор (ftor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: фтор (ftor)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "ֆտոր",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: ֆտոր (ftor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: ֆտոր (ftor)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φθείρω",
"3": "-η",
"id2": "o-grade",
"t1": "ruin, destroy, destruct"
},
"expansion": "φθείρω (phtheírō, “ruin, destroy, destruct”) + -η (-ē)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From φθείρω (phtheírō, “ruin, destroy, destruct”) + -η (-ē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "φθορᾱ́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "phthorā́",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορᾶς",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ φθορᾱ́",
"roman": "hē phthorā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορᾱ́",
"roman": "phthorā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "αἱ φθοραί",
"roman": "hai phthoraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς φθορᾶς",
"roman": "tês phthorâs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθοραῖν",
"roman": "phthoraîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορῶν",
"roman": "phthorôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ φθορᾷ",
"roman": "têi phthorâi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθοραῖν",
"roman": "phthoraîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ταῖς φθοραῖς",
"roman": "taîs phthoraîs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν φθορᾱ́ν",
"roman": "tḕn phthorā́n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορᾱ́",
"roman": "phthorā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾱ̀ς φθορᾱ́ς",
"roman": "tā̀s phthorā́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορᾱ́",
"roman": "phthorā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορᾱ́",
"roman": "phthorā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "φθοραί",
"roman": "phthoraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορή",
"roman": "phthorḗ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ionic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "φθορᾶς",
"2": "f",
"3": "first",
"head": "φθορᾱ́"
},
"expansion": "φθορᾱ́ • (phthorā́) f (genitive φθορᾶς); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "φθορᾱ́",
"2": "φθορᾶς"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "grc:Death",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.47"
},
{
"text": "428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 677a"
},
{
"text": "458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 814"
}
],
"glosses": [
"destruction, ruin",
"death (especially by some divine act, as pestilence)"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-Fn-rjDLr",
"links": [
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"death",
"death"
],
[
"divine",
"divine"
],
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"destruction, ruin",
"(of persons) death (especially by some divine act, as pestilence)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of persons"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 15 4 10 4 4 5 15 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "grc:Death",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "PStrassb. 24.26"
}
],
"glosses": [
"destruction, ruin",
"loss by death"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-TBMBiR8L",
"links": [
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"destruction, ruin",
"(of animals) loss by death"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.161",
"text": "Herodotus, Histories 7.18"
},
{
"text": "460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Regimen 1.5"
},
{
"text": "458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 406"
}
],
"glosses": [
"destruction, ruin"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-6OOnDS81",
"links": [
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "grc:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 15 4 10 4 4 5 15 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "grc:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 546a"
},
{
"text": "428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 95e"
},
{
"text": "428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Philebus 55a"
},
{
"text": "384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 5.5.229b"
},
{
"text": "129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.6"
},
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.948f"
},
{
"text": "428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 96b"
},
{
"text": "380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 490e"
},
{
"text": "360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 23c"
}
],
"glosses": [
"passing out of existence, ceasing to be"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-WPeFFeyP",
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"pass",
"pass"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"ceasing",
"cease"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) passing out of existence, ceasing to be"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 5.8.2"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deterioration"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-VZ0mSgOF",
"links": [
[
"deterioration",
"deterioration"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deterioration",
"loss by deterioration, damage"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-z0SqwL-h",
"links": [
[
"deterioration",
"deterioration"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 1.12"
},
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.712c"
},
{
"text": "120 CE – 175 CE, Vettius Valens, Anthology 2.37"
},
{
"text": "50BC-50AD, Parthenius, Collected Works 35.3"
},
{
"text": "60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 2.25"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seduction"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-ACtNnQNl",
"links": [
[
"seduction",
"seduction"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 6.1.6"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seduction",
"rape"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-Cb4hncKd",
"links": [
[
"seduction",
"seduction"
],
[
"rape",
"rape"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 1.56",
"text": "Soranus, Collected Works 1.59"
},
{
"text": "129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 17.800"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abortion, miscarriage"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-fkj3Xwg2",
"links": [
[
"abortion",
"abortion"
],
[
"miscarriage",
"miscarriage"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 15 4 10 4 4 5 15 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.346a\nPlutarch, Moralia 2.725c\nPlutarch, Moralia 2.393c"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gradation of colors in painting"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-pO9XktS5",
"links": [
[
"gradation",
"gradation"
],
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"painting",
"painting"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 4 18 2 6 2 2 3 16 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 15 4 10 4 4 5 15 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 7 15 3 8 3 3 4 13 24 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -η (o-grade)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 19 1 2 1 1 1 19 38 7 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 21 0 1 1 1 0 21 41 8 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Aphorisms 7.80"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wasting away"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-57ucI-sT",
"links": [
[
"wasting",
"wasting"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 11 0 1 0 0 0 11 67 3",
"roman": "phthóē",
"sense": "wasting away",
"word": "φθόη"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 766"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the tossings of a storm, shipwrecks"
],
"id": "en-φθορά-grc-noun-y1ND1Zdd",
"links": [
[
"tossing",
"tossing"
],
[
"storm",
"storm"
],
[
"shipwreck",
"shipwreck"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰtʰo.rǎː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɸθoˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fθoˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰtʰo.rǎː/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰtʰoˈra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɸθoˈra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/fθoˈra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/fθoˈra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "φθορά"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -η (o-grade)",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"grc:Death",
"grc:Nautical"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Phytophthora",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "Phytophthora",
"name": "taxfmt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Entomophthora",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "Entomophthora",
"name": "taxfmt"
}
],
"text": "Translingual: Phytophthora, Entomophthora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "phytophthora"
},
"expansion": "English: phytophthora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: phytophthora"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "φθορά"
},
"expansion": "Greek: φθορά (fthorá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: φθορά (fthorá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "phthora",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Late Latin: phthora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Late Latin: phthora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "tora"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: tora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: tora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "phthore",
"3": "phtore",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: phthore, phtore",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: phthore, phtore"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "phthor"
},
"expansion": "English: phthor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: phthor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "фтор",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: фтор (ftor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: фтор (ftor)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "ֆտոր",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: ֆտոր (ftor)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: ֆտոր (ftor)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φθείρω",
"3": "-η",
"id2": "o-grade",
"t1": "ruin, destroy, destruct"
},
"expansion": "φθείρω (phtheírō, “ruin, destroy, destruct”) + -η (-ē)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From φθείρω (phtheírō, “ruin, destroy, destruct”) + -η (-ē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "φθορᾱ́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "phthorā́",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορᾶς",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ φθορᾱ́",
"roman": "hē phthorā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορᾱ́",
"roman": "phthorā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "αἱ φθοραί",
"roman": "hai phthoraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς φθορᾶς",
"roman": "tês phthorâs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθοραῖν",
"roman": "phthoraîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορῶν",
"roman": "phthorôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ φθορᾷ",
"roman": "têi phthorâi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθοραῖν",
"roman": "phthoraîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ταῖς φθοραῖς",
"roman": "taîs phthoraîs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν φθορᾱ́ν",
"roman": "tḕn phthorā́n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορᾱ́",
"roman": "phthorā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾱ̀ς φθορᾱ́ς",
"roman": "tā̀s phthorā́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορᾱ́",
"roman": "phthorā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορᾱ́",
"roman": "phthorā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "φθοραί",
"roman": "phthoraí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "φθορή",
"roman": "phthorḗ",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ionic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "φθορᾶς",
"2": "f",
"3": "first",
"head": "φθορᾱ́"
},
"expansion": "φθορᾱ́ • (phthorā́) f (genitive φθορᾶς); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "φθορᾱ́",
"2": "φθορᾶς"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.47"
},
{
"text": "428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 677a"
},
{
"text": "458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 814"
}
],
"glosses": [
"destruction, ruin",
"death (especially by some divine act, as pestilence)"
],
"links": [
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"death",
"death"
],
[
"divine",
"divine"
],
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"destruction, ruin",
"(of persons) death (especially by some divine act, as pestilence)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of persons"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "PStrassb. 24.26"
}
],
"glosses": [
"destruction, ruin",
"loss by death"
],
"links": [
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"destruction, ruin",
"(of animals) loss by death"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.161",
"text": "Herodotus, Histories 7.18"
},
{
"text": "460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Regimen 1.5"
},
{
"text": "458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 406"
}
],
"glosses": [
"destruction, ruin"
],
"links": [
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"grc:Philosophy"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 546a"
},
{
"text": "428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 95e"
},
{
"text": "428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Philebus 55a"
},
{
"text": "384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 5.5.229b"
},
{
"text": "129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.6"
},
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.948f"
},
{
"text": "428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 96b"
},
{
"text": "380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 490e"
},
{
"text": "360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 23c"
}
],
"glosses": [
"passing out of existence, ceasing to be"
],
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"pass",
"pass"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"ceasing",
"cease"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) passing out of existence, ceasing to be"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 5.8.2"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deterioration"
],
"links": [
[
"deterioration",
"deterioration"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"deterioration",
"loss by deterioration, damage"
],
"links": [
[
"deterioration",
"deterioration"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 1.12"
},
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.712c"
},
{
"text": "120 CE – 175 CE, Vettius Valens, Anthology 2.37"
},
{
"text": "50BC-50AD, Parthenius, Collected Works 35.3"
},
{
"text": "60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 2.25"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seduction"
],
"links": [
[
"seduction",
"seduction"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 6.1.6"
}
],
"glosses": [
"seduction",
"rape"
],
"links": [
[
"seduction",
"seduction"
],
[
"rape",
"rape"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 1.56",
"text": "Soranus, Collected Works 1.59"
},
{
"text": "129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 17.800"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abortion, miscarriage"
],
"links": [
[
"abortion",
"abortion"
],
[
"miscarriage",
"miscarriage"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.346a\nPlutarch, Moralia 2.725c\nPlutarch, Moralia 2.393c"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gradation of colors in painting"
],
"links": [
[
"gradation",
"gradation"
],
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"painting",
"painting"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Aphorisms 7.80"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wasting away"
],
"links": [
[
"wasting",
"wasting"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 766"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the tossings of a storm, shipwrecks"
],
"links": [
[
"tossing",
"tossing"
],
[
"storm",
"storm"
],
[
"shipwreck",
"shipwreck"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰtʰo.rǎː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɸθoˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fθoˈra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰtʰo.rǎː/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰtʰoˈra/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɸθoˈra/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/fθoˈra/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/fθoˈra/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "phthóē",
"sense": "wasting away",
"word": "φθόη"
}
],
"word": "φθορά"
}
Download raw JSONL data for φθορά meaning in Ancient Greek (9.0kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''destruction, ruin'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"φθορά"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "φθορά",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.