See σθένος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σθένος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: σθένος (sthénos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: σθένος (sthénos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stīþ",
"3": "",
"4": "hard, cruel, violent"
},
"expansion": "Old English stīþ (“hard, cruel, violent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stith",
"3": "",
"4": "stiff, hard"
},
"expansion": "English stith (“stiff, hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*stHen-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stHen-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swinþaz",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swinþaz (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*séǵʰwr̥",
"3": "*séǵʰwr̥, *sǵʰwén-",
"4": "power, overpowering"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥, *sǵʰwén- (“power, overpowering”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "zero-grade",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सघ्नोति",
"3": "",
"4": "to be a match for, be equal to (a task)",
"tr": "saghnóti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सघ्नोति (saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀",
"t": "irresistible (?)",
"tr": "a-zg-ata"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skʷʰénos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *skʷʰénos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. The cluster /stʰ/ is unusual for Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European. However several hypotheses for an Indo-European derivation exist:\n* Cognate with Old English stīþ (“hard, cruel, violent”) (English stith (“stiff, hard”)), from Proto-Indo-European *stHen-. This assumes that a sequence *-TH- could result in Greek -θ- (-th-), which is disputed.\n* Cognate with Proto-Germanic *swinþaz (“strong”) (and possibly also *sundaz (“healthy”)) through the root of *segaz (“victory”); from a Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥, *sǵʰwén- (“power, overpowering”) which is inferred from various derivatives.\n* From the zero-grade *sgʷʰ- of a root *segʷʰ- (“to be strong”), whence also Sanskrit सघ्नोति (saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”), क्षम् (kṣam, “to endure, resist; forgive”) and Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”), plus an uncertain suffix *-énos.\nThe latter two both assume Proto-Hellenic *skʷʰénos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sthénos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένεος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένους",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ σθένος",
"roman": "tò sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ σθένους",
"roman": "toû sthénous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ σθένει",
"roman": "tôi sthénei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ σθένος",
"roman": "tò sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένος",
"roman": "sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Epic declension-3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένος",
"roman": "sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένεος",
"roman": "sthéneos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένευς",
"roman": "sthéneus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένει",
"roman": "sthénei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένεῐ̈",
"roman": "sthéneĭ̈",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένος",
"roman": "sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένος",
"roman": "sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "σθένεος",
"2": "n",
"3": "third",
"gen2": "σθένους"
},
"expansion": "σθένος • (sthénos) n (genitive σθένεος or σθένους); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "σθένος",
"2": "σθένους",
"dial": "att",
"form": "S"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "σθένος",
"2": "σθένεος",
"dial": "epi",
"form": "S"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "74 7 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 6 15 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Alkisthénē",
"word": "Αλκισθένη"
},
{
"roman": "Ăndrosthénēs",
"word": "Ᾰ̓νδροσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Antisthénēs",
"word": "Ἀντισθένης"
},
{
"roman": "asthenḗs",
"word": "ἀσθενής"
},
{
"roman": "Deinosthénēs",
"word": "Δεινοσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Dēmosthénēs",
"word": "Δημοσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Erătosthénēs",
"word": "Ἐρᾰτοσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "eristhenḗs",
"word": "ἐρισθενής"
},
{
"roman": "Eurusthénēs",
"word": "Εὐρυσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Kallisthénēs",
"word": "Καλλισθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Kleisthénēs",
"word": "Κλεισθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Leōsthénēs",
"word": "Λεωσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Megăsthénēs",
"word": "Μεγᾰσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Sthenélāos",
"word": "Σθενέλᾱος"
},
{
"roman": "Sthénelos",
"word": "Σθένελος"
},
{
"roman": "Sthenṓ",
"word": "Σθενώ"
},
{
"roman": "Timosthénēs",
"word": "Τιμοσθένης"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strength, might, power"
],
"id": "en-σθένος-grc-noun-9fJNweaI",
"links": [
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"power",
"power"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʰé.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stʰé.nos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʰe.nos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "σθένος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Alkisthénē",
"word": "Αλκισθένη"
},
{
"roman": "Ăndrosthénēs",
"word": "Ᾰ̓νδροσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Antisthénēs",
"word": "Ἀντισθένης"
},
{
"roman": "asthenḗs",
"word": "ἀσθενής"
},
{
"roman": "Deinosthénēs",
"word": "Δεινοσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Dēmosthénēs",
"word": "Δημοσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Erătosthénēs",
"word": "Ἐρᾰτοσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "eristhenḗs",
"word": "ἐρισθενής"
},
{
"roman": "Eurusthénēs",
"word": "Εὐρυσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Kallisthénēs",
"word": "Καλλισθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Kleisthénēs",
"word": "Κλεισθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Leōsthénēs",
"word": "Λεωσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Megăsthénēs",
"word": "Μεγᾰσθένης"
},
{
"roman": "Sthenélāos",
"word": "Σθενέλᾱος"
},
{
"roman": "Sthénelos",
"word": "Σθένελος"
},
{
"roman": "Sthenṓ",
"word": "Σθενώ"
},
{
"roman": "Timosthénēs",
"word": "Τιμοσθένης"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σθένος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: σθένος (sthénos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: σθένος (sthénos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stīþ",
"3": "",
"4": "hard, cruel, violent"
},
"expansion": "Old English stīþ (“hard, cruel, violent”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stith",
"3": "",
"4": "stiff, hard"
},
"expansion": "English stith (“stiff, hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*stHen-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stHen-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swinþaz",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swinþaz (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*séǵʰwr̥",
"3": "*séǵʰwr̥, *sǵʰwén-",
"4": "power, overpowering"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥, *sǵʰwén- (“power, overpowering”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zero-grade"
},
"expansion": "zero-grade",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सघ्नोति",
"3": "",
"4": "to be a match for, be equal to (a task)",
"tr": "saghnóti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सघ्नोति (saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀",
"t": "irresistible (?)",
"tr": "a-zg-ata"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skʷʰénos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *skʷʰénos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. The cluster /stʰ/ is unusual for Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European. However several hypotheses for an Indo-European derivation exist:\n* Cognate with Old English stīþ (“hard, cruel, violent”) (English stith (“stiff, hard”)), from Proto-Indo-European *stHen-. This assumes that a sequence *-TH- could result in Greek -θ- (-th-), which is disputed.\n* Cognate with Proto-Germanic *swinþaz (“strong”) (and possibly also *sundaz (“healthy”)) through the root of *segaz (“victory”); from a Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥, *sǵʰwén- (“power, overpowering”) which is inferred from various derivatives.\n* From the zero-grade *sgʷʰ- of a root *segʷʰ- (“to be strong”), whence also Sanskrit सघ्नोति (saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”), क्षम् (kṣam, “to endure, resist; forgive”) and Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”), plus an uncertain suffix *-énos.\nThe latter two both assume Proto-Hellenic *skʷʰénos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sthénos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένεος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένους",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ σθένος",
"roman": "tò sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ σθένους",
"roman": "toû sthénous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ σθένει",
"roman": "tôi sthénei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸ σθένος",
"roman": "tò sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένος",
"roman": "sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Epic declension-3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένος",
"roman": "sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένεος",
"roman": "sthéneos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένευς",
"roman": "sthéneus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένει",
"roman": "sthénei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένεῐ̈",
"roman": "sthéneĭ̈",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένος",
"roman": "sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σθένος",
"roman": "sthénos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "σθένεος",
"2": "n",
"3": "third",
"gen2": "σθένους"
},
"expansion": "σθένος • (sthénos) n (genitive σθένεος or σθένους); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "σθένος",
"2": "σθένους",
"dial": "att",
"form": "S"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "σθένος",
"2": "σθένεος",
"dial": "epi",
"form": "S"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns",
"Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
"Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"strength, might, power"
],
"links": [
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"power",
"power"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʰé.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stʰé.nos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstʰe.nos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "σθένος"
}
Download raw JSONL data for σθένος meaning in Ancient Greek (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.