"σθένος" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "σθένος",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Greek: σθένος (sthénos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Greek: σθένος (sthénos)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "stīþ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hard, cruel, violent"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English stīþ (“hard, cruel, violent”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stith",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stiff, hard"
      },
      "expansion": "English stith (“stiff, hard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*segaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "victory"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *segaz (“victory”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zero-grade"
      },
      "expansion": "zero-grade",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sgʷʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*sgʷʰ-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*segʷʰ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be strong"
      },
      "expansion": "*segʷʰ- (“to be strong”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "सघ्नोति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be a match for, be equal to (a task)",
        "tr": "saghnóti"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit सघ्नोति (saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्षम्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to endure, resist; forgive"
      },
      "expansion": "क्षम् (kṣam, “to endure, resist; forgive”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀",
        "t": "irresistible (?)",
        "tr": "a-zg-ata"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-énos"
      },
      "expansion": "*-énos",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. The cluster /stʰ/ is unusual for Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European. However several hypotheses for an Indo-European derivation exist:\n* Cognate with Old English stīþ (“hard, cruel, violent”) (English stith (“stiff, hard”))\n* Cognate with Proto-Germanic *segaz (“victory”).\n* From the zero-grade *sgʷʰ- of a root *segʷʰ- (“to be strong”), whence also Sanskrit सघ्नोति (saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”), क्षम् (kṣam, “to endure, resist; forgive”) and Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”), plus an uncertain suffix *-énos.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sthénos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένεος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένους",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ σθένος",
      "roman": "tò sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ σθένους",
      "roman": "toû sthénous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ σθένει",
      "roman": "tôi sthénei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ σθένος",
      "roman": "tò sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένος",
      "roman": "sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Epic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένος",
      "roman": "sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένεος",
      "roman": "sthéneos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένευς",
      "roman": "sthéneus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένει",
      "roman": "sthénei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένεῐ̈",
      "roman": "sthéneï",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένος",
      "roman": "sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένος",
      "roman": "sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σθένεος",
        "2": "n",
        "3": "third",
        "gen2": "σθένους"
      },
      "expansion": "σθένος • (sthénos) n (genitive σθένεος or σθένους); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σθένος",
        "2": "σθένους",
        "dial": "att",
        "form": "S"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σθένος",
        "2": "σθένεος",
        "dial": "epi",
        "form": "S"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "Alkisthénē",
          "word": "Αλκισθένη"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Antisthénēs",
          "word": "Ἀντισθένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "asthenḗs",
          "word": "ἀσθενής"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Deinosthénēs",
          "word": "Δεινοσθένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Dēmosthénēs",
          "word": "Δημοσθένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "eristhenḗs",
          "word": "ἐρισθενής"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Eratosthénēs",
          "word": "Ἐρᾰτοσθένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Eurusthénēs",
          "word": "Εὐρυσθένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kallisthénēs",
          "word": "Καλλισθένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kleisthénēs",
          "word": "Κλεισθένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Leōsthénēs",
          "word": "Λεωσθένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Megasthénēs",
          "word": "Μεγᾰσθένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sthénelos",
          "word": "Σθένελος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sthenélāos",
          "word": "Σθενέλᾱος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sthenṓ",
          "word": "Σθενώ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Timosthénēs",
          "word": "Τιμοσθένης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Androsthénēs",
          "word": "Ᾰ̓νδροσθένης"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strength, might, power"
      ],
      "id": "en-σθένος-grc-noun-9fJNweaI",
      "links": [
        [
          "strength",
          "strength"
        ],
        [
          "might",
          "might"
        ],
        [
          "power",
          "power"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/stʰé.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stʰé.nos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstʰe.nos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "σθένος"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "Alkisthénē",
      "word": "Αλκισθένη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Antisthénēs",
      "word": "Ἀντισθένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "asthenḗs",
      "word": "ἀσθενής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Deinosthénēs",
      "word": "Δεινοσθένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Dēmosthénēs",
      "word": "Δημοσθένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "eristhenḗs",
      "word": "ἐρισθενής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Eratosthénēs",
      "word": "Ἐρᾰτοσθένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Eurusthénēs",
      "word": "Εὐρυσθένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kallisthénēs",
      "word": "Καλλισθένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kleisthénēs",
      "word": "Κλεισθένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Leōsthénēs",
      "word": "Λεωσθένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Megasthénēs",
      "word": "Μεγᾰσθένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sthénelos",
      "word": "Σθένελος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sthenélāos",
      "word": "Σθενέλᾱος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sthenṓ",
      "word": "Σθενώ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Timosthénēs",
      "word": "Τιμοσθένης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Androsthénēs",
      "word": "Ᾰ̓νδροσθένης"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "σθένος",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Greek: σθένος (sthénos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Greek: σθένος (sthénos)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "stīþ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hard, cruel, violent"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English stīþ (“hard, cruel, violent”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stith",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stiff, hard"
      },
      "expansion": "English stith (“stiff, hard”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*segaz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "victory"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *segaz (“victory”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zero-grade"
      },
      "expansion": "zero-grade",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sgʷʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*sgʷʰ-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*segʷʰ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be strong"
      },
      "expansion": "*segʷʰ- (“to be strong”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "सघ्नोति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be a match for, be equal to (a task)",
        "tr": "saghnóti"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit सघ्नोति (saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "क्षम्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to endure, resist; forgive"
      },
      "expansion": "क्षम् (kṣam, “to endure, resist; forgive”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀",
        "t": "irresistible (?)",
        "tr": "a-zg-ata"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-énos"
      },
      "expansion": "*-énos",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. The cluster /stʰ/ is unusual for Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European. However several hypotheses for an Indo-European derivation exist:\n* Cognate with Old English stīþ (“hard, cruel, violent”) (English stith (“stiff, hard”))\n* Cognate with Proto-Germanic *segaz (“victory”).\n* From the zero-grade *sgʷʰ- of a root *segʷʰ- (“to be strong”), whence also Sanskrit सघ्नोति (saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”), क्षम् (kṣam, “to endure, resist; forgive”) and Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”), plus an uncertain suffix *-énos.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sthénos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένεος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένους",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ σθένος",
      "roman": "tò sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ σθένους",
      "roman": "toû sthénous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ σθένει",
      "roman": "tôi sthénei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ σθένος",
      "roman": "tò sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένος",
      "roman": "sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Epic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένος",
      "roman": "sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένεος",
      "roman": "sthéneos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένευς",
      "roman": "sthéneus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένει",
      "roman": "sthénei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένεῐ̈",
      "roman": "sthéneï",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένος",
      "roman": "sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σθένος",
      "roman": "sthénos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σθένεος",
        "2": "n",
        "3": "third",
        "gen2": "σθένους"
      },
      "expansion": "σθένος • (sthénos) n (genitive σθένεος or σθένους); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σθένος",
        "2": "σθένους",
        "dial": "att",
        "form": "S"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σθένος",
        "2": "σθένεος",
        "dial": "epi",
        "form": "S"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek neuter nouns",
        "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
        "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strength, might, power"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strength",
          "strength"
        ],
        [
          "might",
          "might"
        ],
        [
          "power",
          "power"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/stʰé.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stʰé.nos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈstʰe.nos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsθe.nos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "σθένος"
}