See πονηρός in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "doulopónēros",
"word": "δουλοπόνηρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ponēría",
"word": "πονηρία"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πονηρός"
},
"expansion": "Greek: πονηρός (ponirós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: πονηρός (ponirós)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πονέω",
"3": "-ρός"
},
"expansion": "πονέω (ponéō) + -ρός (-rós)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From πονέω (ponéō) + -ρός (-rós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ponērós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρόν",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First and second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρός",
"roman": "ponērós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"roman": "ponērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρόν",
"roman": "ponērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"roman": "ponērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροί",
"roman": "ponēroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηραί",
"roman": "ponēraí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾰ́",
"roman": "ponērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῦ",
"roman": "ponēroû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾶς",
"roman": "ponērâs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῦ",
"roman": "ponēroû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖν",
"roman": "ponēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηραῖν",
"roman": "ponēraîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖν",
"roman": "ponēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῶν",
"roman": "ponērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῶν",
"roman": "ponērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῶν",
"roman": "ponērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῷ",
"roman": "ponērôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾷ",
"roman": "ponērâi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῷ",
"roman": "ponērôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖν",
"roman": "ponēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηραῖν",
"roman": "ponēraîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖν",
"roman": "ponēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖς",
"roman": "ponēroîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηραῖς",
"roman": "ponēraîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖς",
"roman": "ponēroîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρόν",
"roman": "ponērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́ν",
"roman": "ponērā́n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρόν",
"roman": "ponērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"roman": "ponērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρούς",
"roman": "ponēroús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́ς",
"roman": "ponērā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾰ́",
"roman": "ponērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρέ",
"roman": "ponēré",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"roman": "ponērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρόν",
"roman": "ponērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"roman": "ponērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροί",
"roman": "ponēroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηραί",
"roman": "ponēraí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾰ́",
"roman": "ponērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῶς",
"roman": "ponērôs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "πονηρᾱ́",
"2": "πονηρόν"
},
"expansion": "πονηρός • (ponērós) m (feminine πονηρᾱ́, neuter πονηρόν); first/second declension",
"name": "grc-adj-1&2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Attic",
"3": "Koine"
},
"expansion": "(Attic, Koine)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "πονηρός",
"2": "πονηρᾱ́",
"comp": "—",
"dial": "att",
"super": "—"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oppressed by toils"
],
"id": "en-πονηρός-grc-adj-CdVCcA8A",
"links": [
[
"oppressed",
"oppressed"
],
[
"toil",
"toil"
]
],
"qualifier": "passive meaning",
"raw_glosses": [
"(passive meaning) oppressed by toils"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ρός",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 73 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 84 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"toilsome, painful, grievous"
],
"id": "en-πονηρός-grc-adj-2dEDLXbp",
"links": [
[
"toilsome",
"toilsome"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
],
"qualifier": "active meaning",
"raw_glosses": [
"(active meaning) toilsome, painful, grievous"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Koine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/po.nɛː.rós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.niˈros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.niˈros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.nɛː.rós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.ne̝ˈros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.niˈros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.niˈros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.niˈros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "πονηρός"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ρός",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Attic Greek",
"Koine Greek",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "doulopónēros",
"word": "δουλοπόνηρος"
},
{
"roman": "ponēría",
"word": "πονηρία"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πονηρός"
},
"expansion": "Greek: πονηρός (ponirós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: πονηρός (ponirós)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πονέω",
"3": "-ρός"
},
"expansion": "πονέω (ponéō) + -ρός (-rós)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From πονέω (ponéō) + -ρός (-rós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ponērós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρόν",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First and second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρός",
"roman": "ponērós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"roman": "ponērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρόν",
"roman": "ponērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"roman": "ponērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροί",
"roman": "ponēroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηραί",
"roman": "ponēraí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾰ́",
"roman": "ponērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῦ",
"roman": "ponēroû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾶς",
"roman": "ponērâs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῦ",
"roman": "ponēroû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖν",
"roman": "ponēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηραῖν",
"roman": "ponēraîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖν",
"roman": "ponēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῶν",
"roman": "ponērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῶν",
"roman": "ponērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῶν",
"roman": "ponērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῷ",
"roman": "ponērôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾷ",
"roman": "ponērâi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῷ",
"roman": "ponērôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖν",
"roman": "ponēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηραῖν",
"roman": "ponēraîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖν",
"roman": "ponēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖς",
"roman": "ponēroîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηραῖς",
"roman": "ponēraîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροῖς",
"roman": "ponēroîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρόν",
"roman": "ponērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́ν",
"roman": "ponērā́n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρόν",
"roman": "ponērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"roman": "ponērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρούς",
"roman": "ponēroús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́ς",
"roman": "ponērā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾰ́",
"roman": "ponērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρέ",
"roman": "ponēré",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"roman": "ponērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρόν",
"roman": "ponērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾱ́",
"roman": "ponērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρώ",
"roman": "ponērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηροί",
"roman": "ponēroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηραί",
"roman": "ponēraí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρᾰ́",
"roman": "ponērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "πονηρῶς",
"roman": "ponērôs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "πονηρᾱ́",
"2": "πονηρόν"
},
"expansion": "πονηρός • (ponērós) m (feminine πονηρᾱ́, neuter πονηρόν); first/second declension",
"name": "grc-adj-1&2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Attic",
"3": "Koine"
},
"expansion": "(Attic, Koine)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "πονηρός",
"2": "πονηρᾱ́",
"comp": "—",
"dial": "att",
"super": "—"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oppressed by toils"
],
"links": [
[
"oppressed",
"oppressed"
],
[
"toil",
"toil"
]
],
"qualifier": "passive meaning",
"raw_glosses": [
"(passive meaning) oppressed by toils"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Koine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"toilsome, painful, grievous"
],
"links": [
[
"toilsome",
"toilsome"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
],
"qualifier": "active meaning",
"raw_glosses": [
"(active meaning) toilsome, painful, grievous"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Koine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/po.nɛː.rós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.niˈros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.niˈros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.nɛː.rós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.ne̝ˈros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.niˈros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.niˈros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/po.niˈros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "πονηρός"
}
Download raw JSONL data for πονηρός meaning in Ancient Greek (8.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: πονηρός/Ancient Greek 'Number' base_tags={'e', 'c', 't', 'n', 'o', 'l', '-', 's', 'A', 'd', 'i', '2'}",
"path": [
"πονηρός"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "πονηρός",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.