"περί" meaning in Ancient Greek

See περί in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Preposition

IPA: /pe.rí/, /peˈri/, /peˈri/, /pe.rí/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /peˈri/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /peˈri/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /peˈri/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /peˈri/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan) Forms: περῐ́ [canonical], perĭ́ [romanization]
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *peri (“in crossing, in passing”), locative singular of *per- (“before, in front”). Cognates include Sanskrit परि (pári), Latin per, Lithuanian per, English for, and Albanian për. The genitive is from the PIE ablative of cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is like παρά (pará). Etymology templates: {{etymon|grc|der|ine-pro>*per->before|id=around}}, {{root|grc|ine-pro|*per-|id=before}}, {{inh|grc|ine-pro||*peri|t=in crossing, in passing}} Proto-Indo-European *peri (“in crossing, in passing”), {{cog|sa|परि|tr=pári}} Sanskrit परि (pári), {{cog|la|per}} Latin per, {{cog|lt|per}} Lithuanian per, {{cog|en|for}} English for, {{cog|sq|për}} Albanian për Head templates: {{grc-preposition|gen|dat|acc|head=περῐ́}} περῐ́ • (perĭ́) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)
  1. [with genitive] Tags: accusative, dative, with-genitive
    Sense id: en-περί-grc-prep-SGnof2xP Categories (other): Ancient Greek accusative prepositions, Ancient Greek dative prepositions, Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek genitive prepositions, Ancient Greek prepositions, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek accusative prepositions: 13 13 13 13 23 23 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek dative prepositions: 15 15 20 20 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 21 21 15 15 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek genitive prepositions: 21 21 14 14 14 14 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek prepositions: 17 17 17 17 17 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10
  2. [with genitive]
    about, concerning, because of
    Tags: accusative, dative, with-genitive
    Sense id: en-περί-grc-prep-fsuamTyx Categories (other): Ancient Greek accusative prepositions, Ancient Greek dative prepositions, Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek genitive prepositions, Ancient Greek prepositions, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek accusative prepositions: 13 13 13 13 23 23 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek dative prepositions: 15 15 20 20 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 21 21 15 15 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek genitive prepositions: 21 21 14 14 14 14 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek prepositions: 17 17 17 17 17 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10
  3. [with dative] Tags: accusative, dative, with-genitive
    Sense id: en-περί-grc-prep-II1FnedZ Categories (other): Ancient Greek accusative prepositions, Ancient Greek dative prepositions, Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek genitive prepositions, Ancient Greek prepositions, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek accusative prepositions: 13 13 13 13 23 23 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek dative prepositions: 15 15 20 20 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 21 21 15 15 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek genitive prepositions: 21 21 14 14 14 14 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek prepositions: 17 17 17 17 17 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10
  4. [with dative]
    around, for, about
    Tags: accusative, dative, with-genitive
    Sense id: en-περί-grc-prep-pcFu3CJa Categories (other): Ancient Greek accusative prepositions, Ancient Greek dative prepositions, Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek genitive prepositions, Ancient Greek prepositions, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek accusative prepositions: 13 13 13 13 23 23 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek dative prepositions: 15 15 20 20 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 21 21 15 15 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek genitive prepositions: 21 21 14 14 14 14 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek prepositions: 17 17 17 17 17 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10
  5. [with accusative] Tags: accusative, dative, with-genitive
    Sense id: en-περί-grc-prep-ZPLPJJHe Categories (other): Ancient Greek accusative prepositions, Ancient Greek dative prepositions, Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek genitive prepositions, Ancient Greek prepositions, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek accusative prepositions: 13 13 13 13 23 23 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek dative prepositions: 15 15 20 20 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 21 21 15 15 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek genitive prepositions: 21 21 14 14 14 14 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek prepositions: 17 17 17 17 17 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10
  6. [with accusative]
    around (both in the circular sense and close proximity sense), near, about
    Tags: accusative, dative, with-genitive
    Sense id: en-περί-grc-prep-LL8ZRBra Categories (other): Ancient Greek accusative prepositions, Ancient Greek dative prepositions, Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek genitive prepositions, Ancient Greek prepositions, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek accusative prepositions: 13 13 13 13 23 23 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek dative prepositions: 15 15 20 20 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 21 21 15 15 15 15 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek genitive prepositions: 21 21 14 14 14 14 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek prepositions: 17 17 17 17 17 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: πέρι (péri) (english: initial-stressed form), περ’ — apocope: elision (english: per’), περ — Thessalian (english: per), Delphic, παρ — Elean (english: par) Derived forms: περίζωμα (perízōma), περισσός (perissós)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "perízōma",
      "word": "περίζωμα"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "perissós",
      "word": "περισσός"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "περί"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: περί (perí)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: περί (perí)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "peri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: peri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: peri-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "peri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: peri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: peri-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "peri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Finnish: peri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Finnish: peri-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "péri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: péri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: péri-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "peri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: peri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: peri-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "peri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: peri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: peri-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "der",
        "3": "ine-pro>*per->before",
        "id": "around"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "id": "before"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*peri",
        "t": "in crossing, in passing"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peri (“in crossing, in passing”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "परि",
        "tr": "pári"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit परि (pári)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian per",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "for"
      },
      "expansion": "English for",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "për"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian për",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *peri (“in crossing, in passing”), locative singular of *per- (“before, in front”). Cognates include Sanskrit परि (pári), Latin per, Lithuanian per, English for, and Albanian për.\nThe genitive is from the PIE ablative of cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is like παρά (pará).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "περῐ́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perĭ́",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gen",
        "2": "dat",
        "3": "acc",
        "head": "περῐ́"
      },
      "expansion": "περῐ́ • (perĭ́) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)",
      "name": "grc-preposition"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 13 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Accusative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 20 20 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Dative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 15 15 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Genitive prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "[with genitive]"
      ],
      "id": "en-περί-grc-prep-SGnof2xP",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "gen"
          },
          "expansion": "[with genitive]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "genitive"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 13 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Accusative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 20 20 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Dative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 15 15 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Genitive prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "[with genitive]",
        "about, concerning, because of"
      ],
      "id": "en-περί-grc-prep-fsuamTyx",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "gen"
          },
          "expansion": "[with genitive]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "genitive"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "about",
          "about"
        ],
        [
          "concerning",
          "concerning"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 13 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Accusative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 20 20 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Dative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 15 15 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Genitive prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "[with dative]"
      ],
      "id": "en-περί-grc-prep-II1FnedZ",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "dat"
          },
          "expansion": "[with dative]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "dative"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 13 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Accusative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 20 20 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Dative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 15 15 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Genitive prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "[with dative]",
        "around, for, about"
      ],
      "id": "en-περί-grc-prep-pcFu3CJa",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "dat"
          },
          "expansion": "[with dative]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "dative"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "around",
          "around"
        ],
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ],
        [
          "about",
          "about"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 13 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Accusative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 20 20 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Dative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 15 15 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Genitive prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "[with accusative]"
      ],
      "id": "en-περί-grc-prep-ZPLPJJHe",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "acc"
          },
          "expansion": "[with accusative]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "accusative"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 13 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Accusative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 20 20 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Dative prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 15 15 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
          "parents": [
            "Genitive prepositions",
            "Prepositions",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 17 17 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 18 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 12 12 12 13 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "[with accusative]",
        "around (both in the circular sense and close proximity sense), near, about"
      ],
      "id": "en-περί-grc-prep-LL8ZRBra",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "acc"
          },
          "expansion": "[with accusative]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "accusative"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "around",
          "around"
        ],
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ],
        [
          "about",
          "about"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pe.rí/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe.rí/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "initial-stressed form",
      "roman": "péri",
      "word": "πέρι"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "per’",
      "word": "περ’ — apocope: elision"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "per",
      "word": "περ — Thessalian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Delphic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "par",
      "word": "παρ — Elean"
    }
  ],
  "word": "περί"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
    "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek prepositions",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
    "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "perízōma",
      "word": "περίζωμα"
    },
    {
      "roman": "perissós",
      "word": "περισσός"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "περί"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: περί (perí)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: περί (perí)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "peri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: peri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: peri-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "peri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: peri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: peri-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "peri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Finnish: peri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Finnish: peri-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "péri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: péri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: péri-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "peri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: peri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: peri-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "peri-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: peri-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: peri-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "der",
        "3": "ine-pro>*per->before",
        "id": "around"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "id": "before"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*peri",
        "t": "in crossing, in passing"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peri (“in crossing, in passing”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "परि",
        "tr": "pári"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit परि (pári)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian per",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "for"
      },
      "expansion": "English for",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "për"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian për",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *peri (“in crossing, in passing”), locative singular of *per- (“before, in front”). Cognates include Sanskrit परि (pári), Latin per, Lithuanian per, English for, and Albanian për.\nThe genitive is from the PIE ablative of cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is like παρά (pará).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "περῐ́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perĭ́",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gen",
        "2": "dat",
        "3": "acc",
        "head": "περῐ́"
      },
      "expansion": "περῐ́ • (perĭ́) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)",
      "name": "grc-preposition"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "[with genitive]"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "gen"
          },
          "expansion": "[with genitive]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "genitive"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "[with genitive]",
        "about, concerning, because of"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "gen"
          },
          "expansion": "[with genitive]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "genitive"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "about",
          "about"
        ],
        [
          "concerning",
          "concerning"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "[with dative]"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "dat"
          },
          "expansion": "[with dative]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "dative"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "[with dative]",
        "around, for, about"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "dat"
          },
          "expansion": "[with dative]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "dative"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "around",
          "around"
        ],
        [
          "for",
          "for"
        ],
        [
          "about",
          "about"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "[with accusative]"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "acc"
          },
          "expansion": "[with accusative]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "accusative"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "[with accusative]",
        "around (both in the circular sense and close proximity sense), near, about"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "acc"
          },
          "expansion": "[with accusative]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "accusative"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "around",
          "around"
        ],
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ],
        [
          "about",
          "about"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dative",
        "with-genitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pe.rí/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pe.rí/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/peˈri/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "initial-stressed form",
      "roman": "péri",
      "word": "πέρι"
    },
    {
      "english": "per’",
      "word": "περ’ — apocope: elision"
    },
    {
      "english": "per",
      "word": "περ — Thessalian"
    },
    {
      "word": "Delphic"
    },
    {
      "english": "par",
      "word": "παρ — Elean"
    }
  ],
  "word": "περί"
}

Download raw JSONL data for περί meaning in Ancient Greek (5.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.