"παλαιός" meaning in Ancient Greek

See παλαιός in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /pa.lai̯.ós/, /pa.lɛˈos/, /pa.leˈos/, /pa.lai̯.ós/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /pa.lɛˈos/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /pa.lɛˈos/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /pa.leˈos/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /pa.leˈos/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: From πάλαι (pálai, “long ago”). Likely cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀨𐀍 (pa-ra-jo), which has been argued to mean “old”; this connection points to a Proto-Hellenic *palai(y)ós and casts doubt on the popularly proposed etymology from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-. Etymology templates: {{root|grc|ine-pro|*kʷel-}}, {{m|grc|πάλαι||long ago}} πάλαι (pálai, “long ago”), {{cog|gmy|𐀞𐀨𐀍}} Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀨𐀍 (pa-ra-jo), {{inh|grc|grk-pro|*palaiós|*palai(y)ós}} Proto-Hellenic *palai(y)ós, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*kʷel-}} Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- Inflection templates: {{grc-adecl|πᾰλαιός|ᾱ|comp=πᾰλαίτερος|super=πᾰλαίτᾰτος}} Forms: πᾰλαιός [canonical], palaiós [romanization], πᾰλαιᾱ́ [feminine], πᾰλαιόν [neuter], Attic declension-2 [table-tags], πᾰλαιός [masculine, nominative, singular], πᾰλαιᾱ́ [feminine, nominative, singular], πᾰλαιόν [neuter, nominative, singular], πᾰλαιώ [dual, masculine, nominative], πᾰλαιᾱ́ [dual, feminine, nominative], πᾰλαιώ [dual, neuter, nominative], πᾰλαιοί [masculine, nominative, plural], πᾰλαιαί [feminine, nominative, plural], πᾰλαιᾰ́ [neuter, nominative, plural], πᾰλαιοῦ [genitive, masculine, singular], πᾰλαιᾶς [feminine, genitive, singular], πᾰλαιοῦ [genitive, neuter, singular], πᾰλαιοῖν [dual, genitive, masculine], πᾰλαιαῖν [dual, feminine, genitive], πᾰλαιοῖν [dual, genitive, neuter], πᾰλαιῶν [genitive, masculine, plural], πᾰλαιῶν [feminine, genitive, plural], πᾰλαιῶν [genitive, neuter, plural], πᾰλαιῷ [dative, masculine, singular], πᾰλαιᾷ [dative, feminine, singular], πᾰλαιῷ [dative, neuter, singular], πᾰλαιοῖν [dative, dual, masculine], πᾰλαιαῖν [dative, dual, feminine], πᾰλαιοῖν [dative, dual, neuter], πᾰλαιοῖς [dative, masculine, plural], πᾰλαιαῖς [dative, feminine, plural], πᾰλαιοῖς [dative, neuter, plural], πᾰλαιόν [accusative, masculine, singular], πᾰλαιᾱ́ν [accusative, feminine, singular], πᾰλαιόν [accusative, neuter, singular], πᾰλαιώ [accusative, dual, masculine], πᾰλαιᾱ́ [accusative, dual, feminine], πᾰλαιώ [accusative, dual, neuter], πᾰλαιούς [accusative, masculine, plural], πᾰλαιᾱ́ς [accusative, feminine, plural], πᾰλαιᾰ́ [accusative, neuter, plural], πᾰλαιέ [masculine, singular, vocative], πᾰλαιᾱ́ [feminine, singular, vocative], πᾰλαιόν [neuter, singular, vocative], πᾰλαιώ [dual, masculine, vocative], πᾰλαιᾱ́ [dual, feminine, vocative], πᾰλαιώ [dual, neuter, vocative], πᾰλαιοί [masculine, plural, vocative], πᾰλαιαί [feminine, plural, vocative], πᾰλαιᾰ́ [neuter, plural, vocative], πᾰλαιῶς [adverbial, feminine, masculine, neuter], πᾰλαίτερος [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], πᾰλαίτᾰτος [feminine, masculine, neuter, superlative]
  1. old, aged Categories (topical): Age Synonyms: γεραιός
    Sense id: en-παλαιός-grc-adj-KP5SVXF6 Disambiguation of Age: 44 28 20 8 Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 14 17 35 35
  2. ancient, of times past Synonyms: ἀρχαῖος
    Sense id: en-παλαιός-grc-adj-KFl34ThX Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 14 17 35 35
  3. time-honoured, venerable
    Sense id: en-παλαιός-grc-adj-2R-JxP4I Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 14 17 35 35
  4. antiquated, outdated
    Sense id: en-παλαιός-grc-adj-ZfQf5XpB Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 14 17 35 35 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes: 23 24 21 31
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: πάλαος (pálaos) [Aeolic], παλεός (paleós) [Laconian], παληός (palēós) [Boeotian] Derived forms: πᾰλαιορᾰ́φος (palaioráphos), παλαιότης (palaiótēs), παλαιόω (palaióō), παλαιῶς (palaiôs)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for παλαιός meaning in Ancient Greek (10.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "palaioráphos",
      "word": "πᾰλαιορᾰ́φος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "palaiótēs",
      "word": "παλαιότης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "palaióō",
      "word": "παλαιόω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "palaiôs",
      "word": "παλαιῶς"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "παλιός"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: παλιός (paliós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: παλιός (paliós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "paleo-",
            "3": "palaeo-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: paleo-, palaeo-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: paleo-, palaeo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "pailé-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Irish: pailé-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Irish: pailé-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "paläo-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: paläo-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: paläo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "paléo-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: paléo-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: paléo-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kʷel-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πάλαι",
        "3": "",
        "4": "long ago"
      },
      "expansion": "πάλαι (pálai, “long ago”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmy",
        "2": "𐀞𐀨𐀍"
      },
      "expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀨𐀍 (pa-ra-jo)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "grk-pro",
        "3": "*palaiós",
        "4": "*palai(y)ós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *palai(y)ós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kʷel-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From πάλαι (pálai, “long ago”). Likely cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀨𐀍 (pa-ra-jo), which has been argued to mean “old”; this connection points to a Proto-Hellenic *palai(y)ós and casts doubt on the popularly proposed etymology from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιός",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "palaiós",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιόν",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First and second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιός",
      "roman": "palaiós",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "roman": "palaiā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιόν",
      "roman": "palaión",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "roman": "palaiā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοί",
      "roman": "palaioí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιαί",
      "roman": "palaiaí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾰ́",
      "roman": "palaiá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῦ",
      "roman": "palaioû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾶς",
      "roman": "palaiâs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῦ",
      "roman": "palaioû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖν",
      "roman": "palaioîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιαῖν",
      "roman": "palaiaîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖν",
      "roman": "palaioîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῶν",
      "roman": "palaiôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῶν",
      "roman": "palaiôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῶν",
      "roman": "palaiôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῷ",
      "roman": "palaiôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾷ",
      "roman": "palaiâi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῷ",
      "roman": "palaiôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖν",
      "roman": "palaioîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιαῖν",
      "roman": "palaiaîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖν",
      "roman": "palaioîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖς",
      "roman": "palaioîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιαῖς",
      "roman": "palaiaîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖς",
      "roman": "palaioîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιόν",
      "roman": "palaión",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́ν",
      "roman": "palaiā́n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιόν",
      "roman": "palaión",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "roman": "palaiā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιούς",
      "roman": "palaioús",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́ς",
      "roman": "palaiā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾰ́",
      "roman": "palaiá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιέ",
      "roman": "palaié",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "roman": "palaiā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιόν",
      "roman": "palaión",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "roman": "palaiā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοί",
      "roman": "palaioí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιαί",
      "roman": "palaiaí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾰ́",
      "roman": "palaiá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῶς",
      "roman": "palaiôs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαίτερος",
      "roman": "palaíteros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαίτᾰτος",
      "roman": "palaítatos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "πᾰλαιός",
        "2": "ᾱ",
        "comp": "πᾰλαίτερος",
        "super": "πᾰλαίτᾰτος"
      },
      "name": "grc-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 28 20 8",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Age",
          "orig": "grc:Age",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "Time",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "old, aged"
      ],
      "id": "en-παλαιός-grc-adj-KP5SVXF6",
      "links": [
        [
          "old",
          "old"
        ],
        [
          "aged",
          "aged"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "γεραιός"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ancient, of times past"
      ],
      "id": "en-παλαιός-grc-adj-KFl34ThX",
      "links": [
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ἀρχαῖος"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "time-honoured, venerable"
      ],
      "id": "en-παλαιός-grc-adj-2R-JxP4I",
      "links": [
        [
          "time-honoured",
          "time-honoured"
        ],
        [
          "venerable",
          "venerable"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 35 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 24 21 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "antiquated, outdated"
      ],
      "id": "en-παλαιός-grc-adj-ZfQf5XpB",
      "links": [
        [
          "antiquated",
          "antiquated"
        ],
        [
          "outdated",
          "outdated"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.lai̯.ós/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.lɛˈos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.leˈos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.lai̯.ós/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.lɛˈos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.lɛˈos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.leˈos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.leˈos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pálaos",
      "tags": [
        "Aeolic"
      ],
      "word": "πάλαος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "paleós",
      "tags": [
        "Laconian"
      ],
      "word": "παλεός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "palēós",
      "tags": [
        "Boeotian"
      ],
      "word": "παληός"
    }
  ],
  "word": "παλαιός"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek adjectives",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷel-",
    "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
    "grc:Age"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "palaioráphos",
      "word": "πᾰλαιορᾰ́φος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "palaiótēs",
      "word": "παλαιότης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "palaióō",
      "word": "παλαιόω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "palaiôs",
      "word": "παλαιῶς"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "παλιός"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: παλιός (paliós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: παλιός (paliós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "paleo-",
            "3": "palaeo-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: paleo-, palaeo-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: paleo-, palaeo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "pailé-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Irish: pailé-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Irish: pailé-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "paläo-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: paläo-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: paläo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "paléo-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: paléo-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: paléo-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kʷel-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πάλαι",
        "3": "",
        "4": "long ago"
      },
      "expansion": "πάλαι (pálai, “long ago”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmy",
        "2": "𐀞𐀨𐀍"
      },
      "expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀨𐀍 (pa-ra-jo)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "grk-pro",
        "3": "*palaiós",
        "4": "*palai(y)ós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *palai(y)ós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kʷel-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From πάλαι (pálai, “long ago”). Likely cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀨𐀍 (pa-ra-jo), which has been argued to mean “old”; this connection points to a Proto-Hellenic *palai(y)ós and casts doubt on the popularly proposed etymology from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιός",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "palaiós",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιόν",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First and second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιός",
      "roman": "palaiós",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "roman": "palaiā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιόν",
      "roman": "palaión",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "roman": "palaiā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοί",
      "roman": "palaioí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιαί",
      "roman": "palaiaí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾰ́",
      "roman": "palaiá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῦ",
      "roman": "palaioû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾶς",
      "roman": "palaiâs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῦ",
      "roman": "palaioû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖν",
      "roman": "palaioîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιαῖν",
      "roman": "palaiaîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖν",
      "roman": "palaioîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῶν",
      "roman": "palaiôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῶν",
      "roman": "palaiôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῶν",
      "roman": "palaiôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῷ",
      "roman": "palaiôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾷ",
      "roman": "palaiâi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῷ",
      "roman": "palaiôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖν",
      "roman": "palaioîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιαῖν",
      "roman": "palaiaîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖν",
      "roman": "palaioîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖς",
      "roman": "palaioîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιαῖς",
      "roman": "palaiaîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοῖς",
      "roman": "palaioîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιόν",
      "roman": "palaión",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́ν",
      "roman": "palaiā́n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιόν",
      "roman": "palaión",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "roman": "palaiā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιούς",
      "roman": "palaioús",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́ς",
      "roman": "palaiā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾰ́",
      "roman": "palaiá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιέ",
      "roman": "palaié",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "roman": "palaiā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιόν",
      "roman": "palaión",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾱ́",
      "roman": "palaiā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιώ",
      "roman": "palaiṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιοί",
      "roman": "palaioí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιαί",
      "roman": "palaiaí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιᾰ́",
      "roman": "palaiá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαιῶς",
      "roman": "palaiôs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαίτερος",
      "roman": "palaíteros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "πᾰλαίτᾰτος",
      "roman": "palaítatos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "πᾰλαιός",
        "2": "ᾱ",
        "comp": "πᾰλαίτερος",
        "super": "πᾰλαίτᾰτος"
      },
      "name": "grc-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "old, aged"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "old",
          "old"
        ],
        [
          "aged",
          "aged"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "γεραιός"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "ancient, of times past"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ἀρχαῖος"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "time-honoured, venerable"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "time-honoured",
          "time-honoured"
        ],
        [
          "venerable",
          "venerable"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "antiquated, outdated"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "antiquated",
          "antiquated"
        ],
        [
          "outdated",
          "outdated"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.lai̯.ós/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.lɛˈos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.leˈos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.lai̯.ós/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.lɛˈos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.lɛˈos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.leˈos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pa.leˈos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "pálaos",
      "tags": [
        "Aeolic"
      ],
      "word": "πάλαος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "paleós",
      "tags": [
        "Laconian"
      ],
      "word": "παλεός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "palēós",
      "tags": [
        "Boeotian"
      ],
      "word": "παληός"
    }
  ],
  "word": "παλαιός"
}
{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: παλαιός/Ancient Greek 'Number' base_tags={'declension-2', 'Attic'}",
  "path": [
    "παλαιός"
  ],
  "section": "Ancient Greek",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "παλαιός",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.