See νεφρός in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nephrîtis",
"word": "νεφρῖτις"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nephros",
"3": "nephro-",
"bor": "yes"
},
"expansion": "→ English: nephros, nephro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: nephros, nephro-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "νεφρό"
},
"expansion": "Greek: νεφρό (nefró)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "(neuter)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Greek: νεφρό (nefró) (neuter)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*nekʷʰrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *nekʷʰrós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*negʷʰrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nefrōnes"
},
"expansion": "Latin nefrōnes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*neurô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *neurô",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *nekʷʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós. Cognates include Latin nefrōnes and Proto-Germanic *neurô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nephrós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφροῦ",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ νεφρός",
"roman": "ho nephrós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφρώ",
"roman": "nephrṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ νεφροί",
"roman": "hoi nephroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ νεφροῦ",
"roman": "toû nephroû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφροῖν",
"roman": "nephroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφρῶν",
"roman": "nephrôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ νεφρῷ",
"roman": "tôi nephrôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφροῖν",
"roman": "nephroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς νεφροῖς",
"roman": "toîs nephroîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν νεφρόν",
"roman": "tòn nephrón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφρώ",
"roman": "nephrṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς νεφρούς",
"roman": "toùs nephroús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφρέ",
"roman": "nephré",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφρώ",
"roman": "nephrṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφροί",
"roman": "nephroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "νεφροῦ",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "νεφρός • (nephrós) m (genitive νεφροῦ); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "νεφρός",
"2": "οῦ"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "grc:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "52 28 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 25 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 23 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"id": "en-νεφρός-grc-noun-HfH8w8ta",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, usually in the plural) kidney"
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"testicle"
],
"id": "en-νεφρός-grc-noun-37DOB-35",
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) testicle"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mind"
],
"id": "en-νεφρός-grc-noun-HEj2MQ8c",
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ne.pʰrós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈɸros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈfros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ne.pʰrós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈpʰros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈɸros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈfros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈfros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "νεφρός"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "nephrîtis",
"word": "νεφρῖτις"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nephros",
"3": "nephro-",
"bor": "yes"
},
"expansion": "→ English: nephros, nephro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: nephros, nephro-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "νεφρό"
},
"expansion": "Greek: νεφρό (nefró)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "(neuter)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Greek: νεφρό (nefró) (neuter)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*nekʷʰrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *nekʷʰrós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*negʷʰrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nefrōnes"
},
"expansion": "Latin nefrōnes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*neurô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *neurô",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hellenic *nekʷʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós. Cognates include Latin nefrōnes and Proto-Germanic *neurô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nephrós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφροῦ",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ νεφρός",
"roman": "ho nephrós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφρώ",
"roman": "nephrṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ νεφροί",
"roman": "hoi nephroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ νεφροῦ",
"roman": "toû nephroû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφροῖν",
"roman": "nephroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφρῶν",
"roman": "nephrôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ νεφρῷ",
"roman": "tôi nephrôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφροῖν",
"roman": "nephroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς νεφροῖς",
"roman": "toîs nephroîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν νεφρόν",
"roman": "tòn nephrón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφρώ",
"roman": "nephrṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς νεφρούς",
"roman": "toùs nephroús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφρέ",
"roman": "nephré",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφρώ",
"roman": "nephrṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "νεφροί",
"roman": "nephroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "νεφροῦ",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "νεφρός • (nephrós) m (genitive νεφροῦ); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "νεφρός",
"2": "οῦ"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"grc:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, usually in the plural) kidney"
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"testicle"
],
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) testicle"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mind"
],
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ne.pʰrós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈɸros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈfros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ne.pʰrós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈpʰros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈɸros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈfros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/neˈfros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "νεφρός"
}
Download raw JSONL data for νεφρός meaning in Ancient Greek (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.