"νάρκισσος" meaning in Ancient Greek

See νάρκισσος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /nár.kis.sos/, /ˈnar.cis.sos/, /ˈnar.ci.sos/, /nár.kis.sos/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /ˈnar.kis.sos/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /ˈnar.cis.sos/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ˈnar.cis.sos/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ˈnar.ci.sos/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: According to Beekes, the suffix clearly points to a Pre-Greek word. The connection with νάρκη (nárkē, “numbness”) is due to folk etymology. Etymology templates: {{der|grc|qsb-grc|-}} Pre-Greek Head templates: {{grc-noun|ναρκίσσου|m|second|g2=f}} νάρκισσος • (nárkissos) m or f (genitive ναρκίσσου); second declension Inflection templates: {{grc-decl|νάρκισσος|ου|form=MF}} Forms: nárkissos [romanization], ναρκίσσου [genitive], Attic declension-2 [table-tags], [nominative, singular], ἡ νάρκισσος [nominative, singular], τὼ ναρκίσσω [dual, nominative], οἱ [nominative, plural], αἱ νάρκισσοι [nominative, plural], τοῦ [genitive, singular], τῆς ναρκίσσου [genitive, singular], τοῖν ναρκίσσοιν [dual, genitive], τῶν ναρκίσσων [genitive, plural], τῷ [dative, singular], τῇ ναρκίσσῳ [dative, singular], τοῖν ναρκίσσοιν [dative, dual], τοῖς [dative, plural], ταῖς ναρκίσσοις [dative, plural], τὸν [accusative, singular], τὴν νάρκισσον [accusative, singular], τὼ ναρκίσσω [accusative, dual], τοὺς [accusative, plural], τᾱ̀ς ναρκίσσους [accusative, plural], νάρκισσε [singular, vocative], ναρκίσσω [dual, vocative], νάρκισσοι [plural, vocative]
  1. daffodil, narcissus Categories (lifeform): Amaryllis family plants, Flowers Derived forms: ναρκίσσινος (narkíssinos), ναρκισσίτης (narkissítēs)
    Sense id: en-νάρκισσος-grc-noun-mcHG7oex Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the second declension, Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 96 2 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 96 2 2
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "νάρκισσος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: νάρκισσος (nárkissos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: νάρκισσος (nárkissos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܢܪܩܝܣ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "narqīs"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܢܪܩܝܣ (narqīs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܢܪܩܝܣ (narqīs)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "narcissus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: narcissus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: narcissus (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "bor": "1",
            "sc": "Phlv",
            "tr": "nlgs",
            "ts": "nargis"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nlgs /⁠nargis⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nlgs /⁠nargis⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "نَرْجِس",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Arabic: نَرْجِس (narjis)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Arabic: نَرْجِس (narjis) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "نرگس",
            "tr": "narges"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: نرگس (narges)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: نرگس (narges) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "ներգիս",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Armenian: ներգիս (nergis)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Armenian: ներգիս (nergis)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "According to Beekes, the suffix clearly points to a Pre-Greek word. The connection with νάρκη (nárkē, “numbness”) is due to folk etymology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nárkissos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ναρκίσσου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ",
      "roman": "ho",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ νάρκισσος",
      "roman": "hē nárkissos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ναρκίσσω",
      "roman": "tṑ narkíssō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ",
      "roman": "hoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ νάρκισσοι",
      "roman": "hai nárkissoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ",
      "roman": "toû",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς ναρκίσσου",
      "roman": "tês narkíssou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ναρκίσσοιν",
      "roman": "toîn narkíssoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ναρκίσσων",
      "roman": "tôn narkíssōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ",
      "roman": "tôi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ ναρκίσσῳ",
      "roman": "têi narkíssōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ναρκίσσοιν",
      "roman": "toîn narkíssoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς",
      "roman": "toîs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς ναρκίσσοις",
      "roman": "taîs narkíssois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν",
      "roman": "tòn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν νάρκισσον",
      "roman": "tḕn nárkisson",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ναρκίσσω",
      "roman": "tṑ narkíssō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς",
      "roman": "toùs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς ναρκίσσους",
      "roman": "tā̀s narkíssous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νάρκισσε",
      "roman": "nárkisse",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ναρκίσσω",
      "roman": "narkíssō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νάρκισσοι",
      "roman": "nárkissoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ναρκίσσου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second",
        "g2": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "νάρκισσος • (nárkissos) m or f (genitive ναρκίσσου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "νάρκισσος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "MF"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Amaryllis family plants",
          "orig": "grc:Amaryllis family plants",
          "parents": [
            "Asparagales order plants",
            "Flowers",
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Flowers",
          "orig": "grc:Flowers",
          "parents": [
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "96 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "96 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "narkíssinos",
          "word": "ναρκίσσινος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "narkissítēs",
          "word": "ναρκισσίτης"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "daffodil, narcissus"
      ],
      "id": "en-νάρκισσος-grc-noun-mcHG7oex",
      "links": [
        [
          "daffodil",
          "daffodil"
        ],
        [
          "narcissus",
          "narcissus"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/nár.kis.sos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.cis.sos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.ci.sos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nár.kis.sos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.kis.sos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.cis.sos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.cis.sos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.ci.sos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "νάρκισσος"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "el:Flowers"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "narkíssinos",
      "word": "ναρκίσσινος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "narkissítēs",
      "word": "ναρκισσίτης"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "νάρκισσος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: νάρκισσος (nárkissos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: νάρκισσος (nárkissos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܢܪܩܝܣ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "narqīs"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܢܪܩܝܣ (narqīs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܢܪܩܝܣ (narqīs)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "narcissus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: narcissus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: narcissus (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "bor": "1",
            "sc": "Phlv",
            "tr": "nlgs",
            "ts": "nargis"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nlgs /⁠nargis⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nlgs /⁠nargis⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "نَرْجِس",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Arabic: نَرْجِس (narjis)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Arabic: نَرْجِس (narjis) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "نرگس",
            "tr": "narges"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: نرگس (narges)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: نرگس (narges) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "ներգիս",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Armenian: ներգիս (nergis)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Armenian: ներգիս (nergis)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "According to Beekes, the suffix clearly points to a Pre-Greek word. The connection with νάρκη (nárkē, “numbness”) is due to folk etymology.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nárkissos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ναρκίσσου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ",
      "roman": "ho",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ νάρκισσος",
      "roman": "hē nárkissos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ναρκίσσω",
      "roman": "tṑ narkíssō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ",
      "roman": "hoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ νάρκισσοι",
      "roman": "hai nárkissoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ",
      "roman": "toû",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς ναρκίσσου",
      "roman": "tês narkíssou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ναρκίσσοιν",
      "roman": "toîn narkíssoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ναρκίσσων",
      "roman": "tôn narkíssōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ",
      "roman": "tôi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ ναρκίσσῳ",
      "roman": "têi narkíssōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ναρκίσσοιν",
      "roman": "toîn narkíssoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς",
      "roman": "toîs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς ναρκίσσοις",
      "roman": "taîs narkíssois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν",
      "roman": "tòn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν νάρκισσον",
      "roman": "tḕn nárkisson",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ναρκίσσω",
      "roman": "tṑ narkíssō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς",
      "roman": "toùs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς ναρκίσσους",
      "roman": "tā̀s narkíssous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νάρκισσε",
      "roman": "nárkisse",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ναρκίσσω",
      "roman": "narkíssō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "νάρκισσοι",
      "roman": "nárkissoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ναρκίσσου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second",
        "g2": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "νάρκισσος • (nárkissos) m or f (genitive ναρκίσσου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "νάρκισσος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "MF"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the second declension",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek nouns with multiple genders",
        "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "grc:Amaryllis family plants",
        "grc:Flowers"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "daffodil, narcissus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "daffodil",
          "daffodil"
        ],
        [
          "narcissus",
          "narcissus"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/nár.kis.sos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.cis.sos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.ci.sos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nár.kis.sos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.kis.sos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.cis.sos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.cis.sos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnar.ci.sos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "νάρκισσος"
}

Download raw JSONL data for νάρκισσος meaning in Ancient Greek (6.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.