"κάστωρ" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܩܣܛܘܪ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "qasṭor"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܘܪ (qasṭor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܘܪ (qasṭor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "castor",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: castor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: castor (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kestor-",
        "t": "beaver, musk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kestor- (“beaver, musk”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कस्तूरी",
        "t": "musk"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear origin.\nThe traditional theory by Kretschmer derives the word from the name Κᾰ́στωρ (Kástōr, “Castor”), who, in Greek mythology, was known as a savior of women, supposedly for the medicinal effect of castor fluid for women's diseases. However, in the annals of Greek mythology, Castor has never been mentioned in relation with beavers, rendering this derivation as tantamount to folk etymology. In addition, as Schrader and Nehring point out, beavers went extinct in Greece long before the Proto-Hellenics had arrived, which would make the concept of a beaver foreign in the Greek context. It is far more likely that the proper noun Castor is derived from the animal name (perhaps at a time when only the name, but not its characteristics like its musk were remembered), rather than the other way around.\nHowever, beavers were mentioned by Herodotus to exist in the North Pontic area, near the Proto-Indo-European homeland, so it is almost certain the Hellenic tribes were familiar with beavers before venturing into Greece. Thus, there is a chance that the word was inherited from a Proto-Indo-European *kestor- (“beaver, musk”), and was preserved only in Greek. A better candidate for a native Pre-Greek word for \"beaver\" might be λᾰ́τᾰξ (látax). See also Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”), which was borrowed from the derivative καστόριον (kastórion, “castoreum”).\nNote that the main Indo-European word for \"beaver\", *bʰébʰrus (which did not survive or exist in Hellenic), may be a reduplicative (and thus non-atomic) formation from *bʰerH- (“brown”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kástōr",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ κάστωρ",
      "roman": "ho kástōr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κάστορε",
      "roman": "tṑ kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ κάστορες",
      "roman": "hoi kástores",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κάστορος",
      "roman": "toû kástoros",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν καστόροιν",
      "roman": "toîn kastóroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν καστόρων",
      "roman": "tôn kastórōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κάστορῐ",
      "roman": "tôi kástori",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν καστόροιν",
      "roman": "toîn kastóroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κάστορσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs kástorsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs kástorsin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν κάστορᾰ",
      "roman": "tòn kástora",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κάστορε",
      "roman": "tṑ kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς κάστορᾰς",
      "roman": "toùs kástoras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορ",
      "roman": "kástor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορε",
      "roman": "kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορες",
      "roman": "kástores",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κάστορος",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "third"
      },
      "expansion": "κάστωρ • (kástōr) m (genitive κάστορος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κάστωρ",
        "2": "κάστορος",
        "form": "M"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Rodents",
          "orig": "grc:Rodents",
          "parents": [
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "kastórion",
          "word": "καστόριον"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "beaver"
      ],
      "id": "en-κάστωρ-grc-noun-cdokjGBJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "beaver",
          "beaver"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kás.tɔːr/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kás.tɔːr/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κάστωρ"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kastórion",
      "word": "καστόριον"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܩܣܛܘܪ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "qasṭor"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܘܪ (qasṭor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܘܪ (qasṭor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "castor",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: castor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: castor (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kestor-",
        "t": "beaver, musk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kestor- (“beaver, musk”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कस्तूरी",
        "t": "musk"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear origin.\nThe traditional theory by Kretschmer derives the word from the name Κᾰ́στωρ (Kástōr, “Castor”), who, in Greek mythology, was known as a savior of women, supposedly for the medicinal effect of castor fluid for women's diseases. However, in the annals of Greek mythology, Castor has never been mentioned in relation with beavers, rendering this derivation as tantamount to folk etymology. In addition, as Schrader and Nehring point out, beavers went extinct in Greece long before the Proto-Hellenics had arrived, which would make the concept of a beaver foreign in the Greek context. It is far more likely that the proper noun Castor is derived from the animal name (perhaps at a time when only the name, but not its characteristics like its musk were remembered), rather than the other way around.\nHowever, beavers were mentioned by Herodotus to exist in the North Pontic area, near the Proto-Indo-European homeland, so it is almost certain the Hellenic tribes were familiar with beavers before venturing into Greece. Thus, there is a chance that the word was inherited from a Proto-Indo-European *kestor- (“beaver, musk”), and was preserved only in Greek. A better candidate for a native Pre-Greek word for \"beaver\" might be λᾰ́τᾰξ (látax). See also Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”), which was borrowed from the derivative καστόριον (kastórion, “castoreum”).\nNote that the main Indo-European word for \"beaver\", *bʰébʰrus (which did not survive or exist in Hellenic), may be a reduplicative (and thus non-atomic) formation from *bʰerH- (“brown”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kástōr",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ κάστωρ",
      "roman": "ho kástōr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κάστορε",
      "roman": "tṑ kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ κάστορες",
      "roman": "hoi kástores",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κάστορος",
      "roman": "toû kástoros",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν καστόροιν",
      "roman": "toîn kastóroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν καστόρων",
      "roman": "tôn kastórōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κάστορῐ",
      "roman": "tôi kástori",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν καστόροιν",
      "roman": "toîn kastóroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κάστορσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs kástorsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs kástorsin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν κάστορᾰ",
      "roman": "tòn kástora",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κάστορε",
      "roman": "tṑ kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς κάστορᾰς",
      "roman": "toùs kástoras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορ",
      "roman": "kástor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορε",
      "roman": "kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορες",
      "roman": "kástores",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κάστορος",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "third"
      },
      "expansion": "κάστωρ • (kástōr) m (genitive κάστορος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κάστωρ",
        "2": "κάστορος",
        "form": "M"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "grc:Rodents"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "beaver"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beaver",
          "beaver"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kás.tɔːr/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kás.tɔːr/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κάστωρ"
}