"κάστωρ" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܩܣܛܘܪ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "qasṭor"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܘܪ (qasṭor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܘܪ (qasṭor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "castor",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: castor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: castor (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कस्तूरी",
        "4": "musk"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”)",
      "name": "cognate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कस्तूरिका",
        "4": "musk-deer, musk"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कस्तूरिका (kastūrikā, “musk-deer, musk”)",
      "name": "cognate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kestor-",
        "t": "beaver, musk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kestor- (“beaver, musk”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कशीका",
        "4": "weasel",
        "tr": "kaśīkā́"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कशीका (kaśīkā́, “weasel”)",
      "name": "cognate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कश",
        "4": "a type of rodent",
        "tr": "káśa"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कश (káśa, “a type of rodent”)",
      "name": "cognate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "नकुल",
        "4": "mongoose, weasel; Castor",
        "tr": "nakulá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit नकुल (nakulá, “mongoose, weasel; Castor”)",
      "name": "cognate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The existence of Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”), Sanskrit कस्तूरिका (kastūrikā, “musk-deer, musk”), and related terms points to reconstructing Proto-Indo-European *kestor- (“beaver, musk”) or a similar lemma. Note also Sanskrit कशीका (kaśīkā́, “weasel”), Sanskrit कश (káśa, “a type of rodent”), with etymologically suspect ś.\nBeekes' assertion that the Sanskrit terms were derived from the Greek is absurd, given the attestation of the Indic terms not only in Classical Sanskrit, but also early Buddhist Pali and Jain Ardhamagadhi Prakrit, as well as India being the primary source of European musk. More plausible is that καστόριον (kastórion, “castoreum”) is a borrowing from Sanskrit, given its late attestation in Greek, although it is equally likely that the Greek terms were internally developed.\nThe traditional theory by Kretschmer derives the word from the name Κᾰ́στωρ (Kắstōr, “Castor”), who, in Greek mythology, was known as a savior of women, supposedly for the medicinal effect of castor fluid for women's diseases. Whether or not Castor was mentioned in relation to beavers in Greek mythology, the relationship between the two is presumably of Indo-European vintage, as reflected in Sanskrit नकुल (nakulá, “mongoose, weasel; Castor”), which similarly refers to both animal and the specific horse-twin. Beavers did not exist in Greece proper, as pointed out by some, but were nonetheless mentioned by Herodotus to exist in the North Pontic area, near the Proto-Indo-European homeland, so it is almost certain the Hellenic tribes were familiar with beavers before venturing into Greece.\nA candidate for a native Pre-Greek word for \"beaver\" might be λᾰ́τᾰξ (lắtăx).\nNote that the main Indo-European word for \"beaver\", *bʰébʰrus (which did not survive or exist in Hellenic), may be a reduplicative (and thus non-atomic) formation from *bʰerH- (“brown”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kástōr",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ κάστωρ",
      "roman": "ho kástōr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κάστορε",
      "roman": "tṑ kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ κάστορες",
      "roman": "hoi kástores",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κάστορος",
      "roman": "toû kástoros",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν καστόροιν",
      "roman": "toîn kastóroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν καστόρων",
      "roman": "tôn kastórōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κάστορῐ",
      "roman": "tôi kástorĭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν καστόροιν",
      "roman": "toîn kastóroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κάστορσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs kástorsĭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs kástorsĭn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν κάστορᾰ",
      "roman": "tòn kástoră",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κάστορε",
      "roman": "tṑ kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς κάστορᾰς",
      "roman": "toùs kástorăs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορ",
      "roman": "kástor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορε",
      "roman": "kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορες",
      "roman": "kástores",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κάστορος",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "third"
      },
      "expansion": "κάστωρ • (kástōr) m (genitive κάστορος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κάστωρ",
        "2": "κάστορος",
        "form": "M"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Rodents",
          "orig": "grc:Rodents",
          "parents": [
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "kastórion",
          "word": "καστόριον"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "beaver"
      ],
      "id": "en-κάστωρ-grc-noun-cdokjGBJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "beaver",
          "beaver"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kás.tɔːr/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kás.tɔːr/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κάστωρ"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kastórion",
      "word": "καστόριον"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܩܣܛܘܪ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "qasṭor"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܘܪ (qasṭor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܩܣܛܘܪ (qasṭor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "castor",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: castor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: castor (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कस्तूरी",
        "4": "musk"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”)",
      "name": "cognate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कस्तूरिका",
        "4": "musk-deer, musk"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कस्तूरिका (kastūrikā, “musk-deer, musk”)",
      "name": "cognate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kestor-",
        "t": "beaver, musk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kestor- (“beaver, musk”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कशीका",
        "4": "weasel",
        "tr": "kaśīkā́"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कशीका (kaśīkā́, “weasel”)",
      "name": "cognate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कश",
        "4": "a type of rodent",
        "tr": "káśa"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कश (káśa, “a type of rodent”)",
      "name": "cognate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "नकुल",
        "4": "mongoose, weasel; Castor",
        "tr": "nakulá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit नकुल (nakulá, “mongoose, weasel; Castor”)",
      "name": "cognate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The existence of Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”), Sanskrit कस्तूरिका (kastūrikā, “musk-deer, musk”), and related terms points to reconstructing Proto-Indo-European *kestor- (“beaver, musk”) or a similar lemma. Note also Sanskrit कशीका (kaśīkā́, “weasel”), Sanskrit कश (káśa, “a type of rodent”), with etymologically suspect ś.\nBeekes' assertion that the Sanskrit terms were derived from the Greek is absurd, given the attestation of the Indic terms not only in Classical Sanskrit, but also early Buddhist Pali and Jain Ardhamagadhi Prakrit, as well as India being the primary source of European musk. More plausible is that καστόριον (kastórion, “castoreum”) is a borrowing from Sanskrit, given its late attestation in Greek, although it is equally likely that the Greek terms were internally developed.\nThe traditional theory by Kretschmer derives the word from the name Κᾰ́στωρ (Kắstōr, “Castor”), who, in Greek mythology, was known as a savior of women, supposedly for the medicinal effect of castor fluid for women's diseases. Whether or not Castor was mentioned in relation to beavers in Greek mythology, the relationship between the two is presumably of Indo-European vintage, as reflected in Sanskrit नकुल (nakulá, “mongoose, weasel; Castor”), which similarly refers to both animal and the specific horse-twin. Beavers did not exist in Greece proper, as pointed out by some, but were nonetheless mentioned by Herodotus to exist in the North Pontic area, near the Proto-Indo-European homeland, so it is almost certain the Hellenic tribes were familiar with beavers before venturing into Greece.\nA candidate for a native Pre-Greek word for \"beaver\" might be λᾰ́τᾰξ (lắtăx).\nNote that the main Indo-European word for \"beaver\", *bʰébʰrus (which did not survive or exist in Hellenic), may be a reduplicative (and thus non-atomic) formation from *bʰerH- (“brown”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kástōr",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ κάστωρ",
      "roman": "ho kástōr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κάστορε",
      "roman": "tṑ kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ κάστορες",
      "roman": "hoi kástores",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ κάστορος",
      "roman": "toû kástoros",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν καστόροιν",
      "roman": "toîn kastóroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν καστόρων",
      "roman": "tôn kastórōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ κάστορῐ",
      "roman": "tôi kástorĭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν καστόροιν",
      "roman": "toîn kastóroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς κάστορσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs kástorsĭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs kástorsĭn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν κάστορᾰ",
      "roman": "tòn kástoră",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ κάστορε",
      "roman": "tṑ kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς κάστορᾰς",
      "roman": "toùs kástorăs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορ",
      "roman": "kástor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορε",
      "roman": "kástore",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κάστορες",
      "roman": "kástores",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κάστορος",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "third"
      },
      "expansion": "κάστωρ • (kástōr) m (genitive κάστορος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κάστωρ",
        "2": "κάστορος",
        "form": "M"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "grc:Rodents"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "beaver"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beaver",
          "beaver"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kás.tɔːr/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kás.tɔːr/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkas.tor/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κάστωρ"
}