"γάλα" meaning in Ancient Greek

See γάλα in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ɡá.la/, /ˈɣa.la/, /ˈɣa.la/, /ɡá.la/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /ˈɡa.la/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /ˈɣa.la/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ˈɣa.la/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ˈɣa.la/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”) (compare Latin lact, Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn), Albanian dhallë), earlier *glákt (or, if the Hittite cognate is valid, *gláktr̥), perhaps from a root *glag- + *-tr̥, but the phonetic irregularities, presence of *a, and Mediterranean distribution of this word have cast doubt on its existence in PIE. Instead, it may have been borrowed from an agricultural wanderword related to or descended from Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”), itself possibly derived from 𒅗𒆷𒀭𒃰𒁺 (galank-, “to soothe”), from Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”); cf. Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”). However, Beekes doubts that there is any connection with the Hittite. The variant γλάγος (glágos) was contracted from the second oblique stem. Etymology templates: {{dercat|grc|qfa-sub}}, {{unc|grc|Possibly}} Possibly, {{inh|grc|ine-pro||*gláktn̥|milk}} Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”), {{cog|la|lact}} Latin lact, {{cog|xcl|կաթն}} Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn), {{cog|sq|dhallë}} Albanian dhallë, {{suf|ine-pro||*-tr̥|nocat=1}} + *-tr̥, {{glossary|wanderword}} wanderword, {{der|grc|hit|𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻|𒂵𒌨𒋻|t=soothing substance, nutrient|tr=galaktar}} Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”), {{m+|ine-pro|*gleǵʰ-||soft, weak}} Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”), {{cog|bg|гле́зя||to pamper}} Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”), {{sup|i}} ⁱ Head templates: {{grc-noun|γᾰ́λᾰκτος|n|third|gen2=γᾰ́λᾰκος|head=γᾰ́λᾰ}} γᾰ́λᾰ • (gála) n (genitive γᾰ́λᾰκτος or γᾰ́λᾰκος); third declension Inflection templates: {{grc-decl|γᾰ́λᾰ|γᾰ́λᾰκτος|form=N}}, {{grc-decl|γᾰ́λᾰ|γᾰ́λᾰκος|DP=γᾰ́λᾰῐ(ν), γᾰ́λᾰξῐ(ν)|form=N}} Forms: γᾰ́λᾰ [canonical], gála [romanization], γᾰ́λᾰκτος [genitive], γᾰ́λᾰκος [genitive], Attic declension-3 [table-tags], τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ [nominative, singular], τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε [dual, nominative], τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ [nominative, plural], τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκτος [genitive, singular], τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν [dual, genitive], τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κτων [genitive, plural], τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκτῐ [dative, singular], τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν [dative, dual], τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰξῐ [dative, plural], γᾰ́λᾰξῐν [dative, plural], toîs gálaxi [dative, plural], toîs gálaxin [dative, plural], τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ [accusative, singular], τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε [accusative, dual], τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ [accusative, plural], γᾰ́λᾰ [singular, vocative], γᾰ́λᾰκτε [dual, vocative], γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ [plural, vocative], Attic declension-3 [table-tags], τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ [nominative, singular], τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε [dual, nominative], τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ [nominative, plural], τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκος [genitive, singular], τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν [dual, genitive], τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κων [genitive, plural], τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκῐ [dative, singular], τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν [dative, dual], τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰῐ [dative, plural], γᾰ́λᾰῐν [dative, plural], γᾰ́λᾰξῐ [dative, plural], γᾰ́λᾰξῐν [dative, plural], toîs gálai [dative, plural], toîs gálain [dative, plural], gálaxi [dative, plural], gálaxin [dative, plural], τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ [accusative, singular], τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε [accusative, dual], τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ [accusative, plural], γᾰ́λᾰ [singular, vocative], γᾰ́λᾰκε [dual, vocative], γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ [plural, vocative]
  1. milk
    Sense id: en-γάλα-grc-noun-iCXnZTD4
  2. milky sap
    Sense id: en-γάλα-grc-noun-RDNus7Zp
  3. the Milky Way galaxy Categories (topical): Beverages, Dairy products
    Sense id: en-γάλα-grc-noun-njdAcr~H Disambiguation of Beverages: 7 32 61 Disambiguation of Dairy products: 3 23 74 Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 3 18 79 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension: 3 20 76 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 5 16 80 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 15 80
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: γλάγος (glágos) Derived forms: γαλακτικός (galaktikós), γαλάκτινος (galáktinos), γαλάκτιον (galáktion), γαλακτοφάγος (galaktophágos), γαλαξίας (galaxías), γλαγάω (glagáō), ὀξύγαλα (oxúgala)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "galaktikós",
      "word": "γαλακτικός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "galáktinos",
      "word": "γαλάκτινος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "galáktion",
      "word": "γαλάκτιον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "galaktophágos",
      "word": "γαλακτοφάγος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "galaxías",
      "word": "γαλαξίας"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "glagáō",
      "word": "γλαγάω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "oxúgala",
      "word": "ὀξύγαλα"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "γάλα"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: γάλα (gála)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: γάλα (gála)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "га́ла"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: га́ла (hála)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: га́ла (hála)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "Possibly"
      },
      "expansion": "Possibly",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gláktn̥",
        "5": "milk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "lact"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin lact",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "կաթն"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "dhallë"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian dhallë",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-tr̥",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "+ *-tr̥",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wanderword"
      },
      "expansion": "wanderword",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "hit",
        "3": "𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻",
        "4": "𒂵𒌨𒋻",
        "t": "soothing substance, nutrient",
        "tr": "galaktar"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gleǵʰ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "soft, weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "гле́зя",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to pamper"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "i"
      },
      "expansion": "ⁱ",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”) (compare Latin lact, Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn), Albanian dhallë), earlier *glákt (or, if the Hittite cognate is valid, *gláktr̥), perhaps from a root *glag- + *-tr̥, but the phonetic irregularities, presence of *a, and Mediterranean distribution of this word have cast doubt on its existence in PIE. Instead, it may have been borrowed from an agricultural wanderword related to or descended from Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”), itself possibly derived from 𒅗𒆷𒀭𒃰𒁺 (galank-, “to soothe”), from Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”); cf. Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”). However, Beekes doubts that there is any connection with the Hittite.\nThe variant γλάγος (glágos) was contracted from the second oblique stem.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gála",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκτος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "tò gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε",
      "roman": "tṑ gálakte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ",
      "roman": "tà gálakta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκτος",
      "roman": "toû gálaktos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn galáktoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κτων",
      "roman": "tôn galáktōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκτῐ",
      "roman": "tôi gálakti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn galáktoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰξῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰξῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs gálaxi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs gálaxin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "tò gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε",
      "roman": "tṑ gálakte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ",
      "roman": "tà gálakta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκτε",
      "roman": "gálakte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ",
      "roman": "gálakta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "tò gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε",
      "roman": "tṑ gálake",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ",
      "roman": "tà gálaka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκος",
      "roman": "toû gálakos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν",
      "roman": "toîn galákoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κων",
      "roman": "tôn galákōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκῐ",
      "roman": "tôi gálaki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν",
      "roman": "toîn galákoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰξῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰξῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs gálai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs gálain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gálaxi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gálaxin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "tò gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε",
      "roman": "tṑ gálake",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ",
      "roman": "tà gálaka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκε",
      "roman": "gálake",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ",
      "roman": "gálaka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "γᾰ́λᾰκτος",
        "2": "n",
        "3": "third",
        "gen2": "γᾰ́λᾰκος",
        "head": "γᾰ́λᾰ"
      },
      "expansion": "γᾰ́λᾰ • (gála) n (genitive γᾰ́λᾰκτος or γᾰ́λᾰκος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "γᾰ́λᾰ",
        "2": "γᾰ́λᾰκτος",
        "form": "N"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "γᾰ́λᾰ",
        "2": "γᾰ́λᾰκος",
        "DP": "γᾰ́λᾰῐ(ν), γᾰ́λᾰξῐ(ν)",
        "form": "N"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "milk"
      ],
      "id": "en-γάλα-grc-noun-iCXnZTD4",
      "links": [
        [
          "milk",
          "milk"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "milky sap"
      ],
      "id": "en-γάλα-grc-noun-RDNus7Zp",
      "links": [
        [
          "milky",
          "milky"
        ],
        [
          "sap",
          "sap"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 18 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 20 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 16 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 15 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 32 61",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Beverages",
          "orig": "grc:Beverages",
          "parents": [
            "Drinking",
            "Food and drink",
            "Liquids",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Matter",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Chemistry",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 23 74",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Dairy products",
          "orig": "grc:Dairy products",
          "parents": [
            "Food and drink",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Milky Way galaxy"
      ],
      "id": "en-γάλα-grc-noun-njdAcr~H",
      "links": [
        [
          "Milky Way",
          "Milky Way"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡá.la/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣa.la/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣa.la/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡá.la/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡa.la/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣa.la/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣa.la/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣa.la/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "glágos",
      "word": "γλάγος"
    }
  ],
  "word": "γάλα"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek neuter nouns",
    "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Hittite",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from substrate languages",
    "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "grc:Beverages",
    "grc:Dairy products"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "galaktikós",
      "word": "γαλακτικός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "galáktinos",
      "word": "γαλάκτινος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "galáktion",
      "word": "γαλάκτιον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "galaktophágos",
      "word": "γαλακτοφάγος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "galaxías",
      "word": "γαλαξίας"
    },
    {
      "roman": "glagáō",
      "word": "γλαγάω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "oxúgala",
      "word": "ὀξύγαλα"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "γάλα"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: γάλα (gála)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: γάλα (gála)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "га́ла"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: га́ла (hála)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: га́ла (hála)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "Possibly"
      },
      "expansion": "Possibly",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gláktn̥",
        "5": "milk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "lact"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin lact",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "կաթն"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "dhallë"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian dhallë",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-tr̥",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "+ *-tr̥",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wanderword"
      },
      "expansion": "wanderword",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "hit",
        "3": "𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻",
        "4": "𒂵𒌨𒋻",
        "t": "soothing substance, nutrient",
        "tr": "galaktar"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gleǵʰ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "soft, weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "гле́зя",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to pamper"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "i"
      },
      "expansion": "ⁱ",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gláktn̥ (“milk”) (compare Latin lact, Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn), Albanian dhallë), earlier *glákt (or, if the Hittite cognate is valid, *gláktr̥), perhaps from a root *glag- + *-tr̥, but the phonetic irregularities, presence of *a, and Mediterranean distribution of this word have cast doubt on its existence in PIE. Instead, it may have been borrowed from an agricultural wanderword related to or descended from Hittite 𒂵𒌨𒋻 (galaktar, “soothing substance, nutrient”), itself possibly derived from 𒅗𒆷𒀭𒃰𒁺 (galank-, “to soothe”), from Proto-Indo-European *gleǵʰ- (“soft, weak”); cf. Bulgarian гле́зя (glézja, “to pamper”). However, Beekes doubts that there is any connection with the Hittite.\nThe variant γλάγος (glágos) was contracted from the second oblique stem.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gála",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκτος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "tò gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε",
      "roman": "tṑ gálakte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ",
      "roman": "tà gálakta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκτος",
      "roman": "toû gálaktos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn galáktoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κτων",
      "roman": "tôn galáktōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκτῐ",
      "roman": "tôi gálakti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn galáktoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰξῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰξῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs gálaxi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs gálaxin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "tò gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκτε",
      "roman": "tṑ gálakte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ",
      "roman": "tà gálakta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκτε",
      "roman": "gálakte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκτᾰ",
      "roman": "gálakta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "tò gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε",
      "roman": "tṑ gálake",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ",
      "roman": "tà gálaka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ γᾰ́λᾰκος",
      "roman": "toû gálakos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν",
      "roman": "toîn galákoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν γᾰλᾰ́κων",
      "roman": "tôn galákōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ γᾰ́λᾰκῐ",
      "roman": "tôi gálaki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν γᾰλᾰ́κοιν",
      "roman": "toîn galákoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς γᾰ́λᾰῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰξῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰξῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs gálai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs gálain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gálaxi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gálaxin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "tò gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ γᾰ́λᾰκε",
      "roman": "tṑ gálake",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ",
      "roman": "tà gálaka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰ",
      "roman": "gála",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκε",
      "roman": "gálake",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "γᾰ́λᾰκᾰ",
      "roman": "gálaka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "γᾰ́λᾰκτος",
        "2": "n",
        "3": "third",
        "gen2": "γᾰ́λᾰκος",
        "head": "γᾰ́λᾰ"
      },
      "expansion": "γᾰ́λᾰ • (gála) n (genitive γᾰ́λᾰκτος or γᾰ́λᾰκος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "γᾰ́λᾰ",
        "2": "γᾰ́λᾰκτος",
        "form": "N"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "γᾰ́λᾰ",
        "2": "γᾰ́λᾰκος",
        "DP": "γᾰ́λᾰῐ(ν), γᾰ́λᾰξῐ(ν)",
        "form": "N"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "milk"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "milk",
          "milk"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "milky sap"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "milky",
          "milky"
        ],
        [
          "sap",
          "sap"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the Milky Way galaxy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Milky Way",
          "Milky Way"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡá.la/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣa.la/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣa.la/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡá.la/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡa.la/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣa.la/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣa.la/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣa.la/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "glágos",
      "word": "γλάγος"
    }
  ],
  "word": "γάλα"
}

Download raw JSONL data for γάλα meaning in Ancient Greek (9.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.