"xenism" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "xénisme"
      },
      "expansion": "French xénisme",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ξενισμός",
        "t": "strangeness, novelty"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ξενισμός (xenismós, “strangeness, novelty”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French xénisme, from Ancient Greek ξενισμός (xenismós, “strangeness, novelty”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xenisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "xenism (plural xenisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Lexicography",
          "orig": "en:Lexicography",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
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          "source": "w"
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "en:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
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            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: borrowing"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Mari Jones, Ishtla Singh, Exploring Language Change, Taylor & Francis, published 2005, page 34",
          "text": "The first stage is when a word from one language is used in an utterance of another language in order to create a somewhat exotic effect. At this stage, the word is not a borrowing, but rather what they term a xenism. An example of a xenism used in an English sentence would be At the harbour, we went for a sail in a gulet, where gulet is the word for a type of Turkish sail boat, which has no real equivalent in English.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020 November 30, Sergio Baldi, Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, page 5",
          "text": "My objective was to collect all loanwords, such that this work is as complete as possible, though some words may not be commonly used by speakers of a given language that seem to be pure Arabic xenisms (see Swahili hamsa ‘five’ < ḫamsa 841).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A word used in utterances of a language but generally marked as foreign."
      ],
      "id": "en-xenism-en-noun--nsjCOzw",
      "links": [
        [
          "utterance",
          "utterance"
        ],
        [
          "marked",
          "marked"
        ],
        [
          "foreign",
          "foreign"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "xenism"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
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      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "xénisme",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "French xénisme",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "xénisme"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French xénisme",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French xénisme.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xenisme",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un xenism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenisme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niște xenisme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui xenism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenisme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unor xenisme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismelor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismelor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "xenisme"
      },
      "expansion": "xenism n (plural xenisme)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "xenismelor",
        "gpi": "xenisme",
        "gsd": "xenismului",
        "gsi": "xenism",
        "n": "",
        "npd": "xenismele",
        "npi": "xenisme",
        "nsd": "xenismul",
        "nsi": "xenism",
        "vp": "xenismelor",
        "vs": "xenismule"
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "xenism, foreignism"
      ],
      "id": "en-xenism-ro-noun-ncJAFQbM",
      "links": [
        [
          "xenism",
          "xenism#English"
        ],
        [
          "foreignism",
          "foreignism"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "xenism"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "xénisme"
      },
      "expansion": "French xénisme",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ξενισμός",
        "t": "strangeness, novelty"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ξενισμός (xenismós, “strangeness, novelty”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French xénisme, from Ancient Greek ξενισμός (xenismós, “strangeness, novelty”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xenisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "xenism (plural xenisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms borrowed from French",
        "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "English terms derived from French",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Lexicography",
        "en:Linguistics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: borrowing"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Mari Jones, Ishtla Singh, Exploring Language Change, Taylor & Francis, published 2005, page 34",
          "text": "The first stage is when a word from one language is used in an utterance of another language in order to create a somewhat exotic effect. At this stage, the word is not a borrowing, but rather what they term a xenism. An example of a xenism used in an English sentence would be At the harbour, we went for a sail in a gulet, where gulet is the word for a type of Turkish sail boat, which has no real equivalent in English.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020 November 30, Sergio Baldi, Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, page 5",
          "text": "My objective was to collect all loanwords, such that this work is as complete as possible, though some words may not be commonly used by speakers of a given language that seem to be pure Arabic xenisms (see Swahili hamsa ‘five’ < ḫamsa 841).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A word used in utterances of a language but generally marked as foreign."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "utterance",
          "utterance"
        ],
        [
          "marked",
          "marked"
        ],
        [
          "foreign",
          "foreign"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "xenism"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "xénisme",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "French xénisme",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "xénisme"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French xénisme",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French xénisme.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xenisme",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un xenism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenisme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niște xenisme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui xenism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenisme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unor xenisme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismelor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xenismelor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "xenisme"
      },
      "expansion": "xenism n (plural xenisme)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "xenismelor",
        "gpi": "xenisme",
        "gsd": "xenismului",
        "gsi": "xenism",
        "n": "",
        "npd": "xenismele",
        "npi": "xenisme",
        "nsd": "xenismul",
        "nsi": "xenism",
        "vp": "xenismelor",
        "vs": "xenismule"
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Romanian countable nouns",
        "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Romanian lemmas",
        "Romanian neuter nouns",
        "Romanian nouns",
        "Romanian terms borrowed from French",
        "Romanian terms derived from French"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "xenism, foreignism"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "xenism",
          "xenism#English"
        ],
        [
          "foreignism",
          "foreignism"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "xenism"
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistics",
  "path": [
    "xenism"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "xenism",
  "trace": ""
}