See xarъ on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xarobura"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "xarobylьje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "xarati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "xariti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "xaropǫditi"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "*харъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: *харъ (*xarŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: *харъ (*xarŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "*ха́рый"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: *ха́рый (*xáryj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: *ха́рый (*xáryj)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ха́рий",
"q": "dialectal",
"t": "nasty, ugly, disgusting"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: (dialectal) ха́рий (xáryj, “nasty, ugly, disgusting”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: (dialectal) ха́рий (xáryj, “nasty, ugly, disgusting”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "харло́",
"der": "1",
"t": "swear word"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: харло́ (xarló, “swear word”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ukrainian: харло́ (xarló, “swear word”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "харла́ти",
"der": "1",
"t": "steal, appropriate (money)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: харла́ти (xarláty, “steal, appropriate (money)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ukrainian: харла́ти (xarláty, “steal, appropriate (money)”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "харла́к",
"3": "харпа́к",
"der": "1",
"q": "dialectal",
"t": "poor man, beggar"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: (dialectal) харла́к (xarlák, “poor man, beggar”), харпа́к (xarpák)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ukrainian: (dialectal) харла́к (xarlák, “poor man, beggar”), харпа́к (xarpák)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "*ха́рый"
},
"expansion": "Russian: *ха́рый (*xáryj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: *ха́рый (*xáryj)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́ро",
"der": "1",
"q": "dialectal",
"t": "strongly"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Russian: (dialectal) ха́ро (xáro, “strongly”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Russian: (dialectal) ха́ро (xáro, “strongly”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́рзина",
"der": "1",
"q": "dialectal",
"t": "poor housing"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Russian: (dialectal) ха́рзина (xárzina, “poor housing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Russian: (dialectal) ха́рзина (xárzina, “poor housing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ха́рий",
"q": "obsolete",
"t": "faulty"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: (obsolete) ха́рий (hárij, “faulty”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: (obsolete) ха́рий (hárij, “faulty”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ста́роха́ро",
"der": "1",
"t": "about an old, decrepit man"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: ста́роха́ро (stároháro, “about an old, decrepit man”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Bulgarian: ста́роха́ро (stároháro, “about an old, decrepit man”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "harè",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "1",
"g": "n",
"pos": "",
"t": "jade, nag (old or worn-out horse)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Slovene: harè n (“jade, nag (old or worn-out horse)”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "harè",
"der": "1",
"g": "n",
"t": "jade, nag (old or worn-out horse)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Slovene: harè n (“jade, nag (old or worn-out horse)”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Slovene: harè n (“jade, nag (old or worn-out horse)”) (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "charý",
"t": "gloomy; dilapidated; shabby, ugly"
},
"expansion": "Czech: charý (“gloomy; dilapidated; shabby, ugly”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: charý (“gloomy; dilapidated; shabby, ugly”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "charuzna",
"der": "1",
"q": "dialectal",
"t": "dilapidated house"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Czech: (dialectal) charuzna (“dilapidated house”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Czech: (dialectal) charuzna (“dilapidated house”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mpl",
"2": "charłać",
"3": "charleć",
"der": "1",
"qq2": "16ᵗʰ c.",
"t": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Middle Polish: charłać, charleć (16ᵗʰ c.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Middle Polish: charłać, charleć (16ᵗʰ c.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "charłak",
"3": "chorłak",
"4": "cherłak",
"5": "chyrłak",
"der": "1",
"q": "dated",
"t4": "weakling; poor man, beggar",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Polish: (dated) charłak, chorłak, cherłak, chyrłak (“weakling; poor man, beggar”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Polish: (dated) charłak, chorłak, cherłak, chyrłak (“weakling; poor man, beggar”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*skaras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *skaras",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skor-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skor-os",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *ksārus. Related to *xorъ (“dark, black”), which from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skaras, from Proto-Indo-European *skor-os, from *(s)ker- (“to scrape, to scrub, to clean”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaromь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaromь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaromъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaramъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaromъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarajego",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarajego",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarujemu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarujemu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarǫjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarǫjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarějemь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarějemь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xariji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xariji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xarъ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "dark, black; beauty, pleasantness; convenience; beautiful; good; beautiful; kind, fine; to brag, show off; to be defiant",
"word": "xorъ*xorostь ()*xoroščьnъ ()*xorovitъ ()*xorxoriti ()"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gloomy, dark"
],
"id": "en-xarъ-sla-pro-adj-lEMo3FB8",
"links": [
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dilapidated, shabby"
],
"id": "en-xarъ-sla-pro-adj-vYaV9540",
"links": [
[
"dilapidated",
"dilapidated"
],
[
"shabby",
"shabby"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
],
"word": "xarъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker-"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xarobura"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "xarobylьje"
},
{
"word": "xarati"
},
{
"word": "xariti"
},
{
"word": "xaropǫditi"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "*харъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: *харъ (*xarŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: *харъ (*xarŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "*ха́рый"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: *ха́рый (*xáryj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: *ха́рый (*xáryj)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ха́рий",
"q": "dialectal",
"t": "nasty, ugly, disgusting"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: (dialectal) ха́рий (xáryj, “nasty, ugly, disgusting”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: (dialectal) ха́рий (xáryj, “nasty, ugly, disgusting”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "харло́",
"der": "1",
"t": "swear word"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: харло́ (xarló, “swear word”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ukrainian: харло́ (xarló, “swear word”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "харла́ти",
"der": "1",
"t": "steal, appropriate (money)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: харла́ти (xarláty, “steal, appropriate (money)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ukrainian: харла́ти (xarláty, “steal, appropriate (money)”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "харла́к",
"3": "харпа́к",
"der": "1",
"q": "dialectal",
"t": "poor man, beggar"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ukrainian: (dialectal) харла́к (xarlák, “poor man, beggar”), харпа́к (xarpák)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ukrainian: (dialectal) харла́к (xarlák, “poor man, beggar”), харпа́к (xarpák)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "*ха́рый"
},
"expansion": "Russian: *ха́рый (*xáryj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: *ха́рый (*xáryj)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́ро",
"der": "1",
"q": "dialectal",
"t": "strongly"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Russian: (dialectal) ха́ро (xáro, “strongly”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Russian: (dialectal) ха́ро (xáro, “strongly”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ха́рзина",
"der": "1",
"q": "dialectal",
"t": "poor housing"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Russian: (dialectal) ха́рзина (xárzina, “poor housing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Russian: (dialectal) ха́рзина (xárzina, “poor housing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ха́рий",
"q": "obsolete",
"t": "faulty"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: (obsolete) ха́рий (hárij, “faulty”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: (obsolete) ха́рий (hárij, “faulty”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ста́роха́ро",
"der": "1",
"t": "about an old, decrepit man"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: ста́роха́ро (stároháro, “about an old, decrepit man”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Bulgarian: ста́роха́ро (stároháro, “about an old, decrepit man”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "harè",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "1",
"g": "n",
"pos": "",
"t": "jade, nag (old or worn-out horse)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Slovene: harè n (“jade, nag (old or worn-out horse)”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "harè",
"der": "1",
"g": "n",
"t": "jade, nag (old or worn-out horse)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Slovene: harè n (“jade, nag (old or worn-out horse)”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Slovene: harè n (“jade, nag (old or worn-out horse)”) (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "charý",
"t": "gloomy; dilapidated; shabby, ugly"
},
"expansion": "Czech: charý (“gloomy; dilapidated; shabby, ugly”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: charý (“gloomy; dilapidated; shabby, ugly”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "charuzna",
"der": "1",
"q": "dialectal",
"t": "dilapidated house"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Czech: (dialectal) charuzna (“dilapidated house”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Czech: (dialectal) charuzna (“dilapidated house”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mpl",
"2": "charłać",
"3": "charleć",
"der": "1",
"qq2": "16ᵗʰ c.",
"t": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Middle Polish: charłać, charleć (16ᵗʰ c.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Middle Polish: charłać, charleć (16ᵗʰ c.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "charłak",
"3": "chorłak",
"4": "cherłak",
"5": "chyrłak",
"der": "1",
"q": "dated",
"t4": "weakling; poor man, beggar",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Polish: (dated) charłak, chorłak, cherłak, chyrłak (“weakling; poor man, beggar”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Polish: (dated) charłak, chorłak, cherłak, chyrłak (“weakling; poor man, beggar”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*skaras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *skaras",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skor-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skor-os",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *ksārus. Related to *xorъ (“dark, black”), which from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skaras, from Proto-Indo-European *skor-os, from *(s)ker- (“to scrape, to scrub, to clean”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaromь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaromь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaromъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaramъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaromъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xari",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xary",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarajego",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarajego",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarujemu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarujemu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarǫjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarǫjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarějemь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarějemь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaroje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaruju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xarěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xariji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xarъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xariji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaryję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaraja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xarъ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"english": "dark, black; beauty, pleasantness; convenience; beautiful; good; beautiful; kind, fine; to brag, show off; to be defiant",
"word": "xorъ*xorostь ()*xoroščьnъ ()*xorovitъ ()*xorxoriti ()"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gloomy, dark"
],
"links": [
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dilapidated, shabby"
],
"links": [
[
"dilapidated",
"dilapidated"
],
[
"shabby",
"shabby"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
],
"word": "xarъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for xarъ meaning in All languages combined (17.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.