See utrzymywać on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utrzymywać się na fali"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utrzymać się na fali"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utrzymywać się na powierzchni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utrzymać się na powierzchni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utrzymywać się przy życiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utrzymać się przy życiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utrzymywać w ryzach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utrzymać w ryzach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "utrzymać",
"3": "-ywać"
},
"expansion": "utrzymać + -ywać",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From utrzymać + -ywać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "utrzymać",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymuje się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech utrzymuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymuj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech utrzymuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech utrzymują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymująca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymując",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "utrzymać"
},
"expansion": "utrzymywać impf (perfective utrzymać)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"u‧trzy‧my‧wać"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to hold up (to not let something out or change position)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-ujMS1yr~",
"links": [
[
"hold up",
"hold up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hold up (to not let something out or change position)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to hold up (to not break under the weight of something)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-mrkkuXZH",
"links": [
[
"hold up",
"hold up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hold up (to not break under the weight of something)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "podtrzymywać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"english": "to keep balance",
"text": "utrzymywać równowagę",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to keep, to maintain (to not lose something that is a natural or desirable state; to keep control over)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-d6WQful~",
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to keep, to maintain (to not lose something that is a natural or desirable state; to keep control over)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to keep (to cause someone or something to continue to be in a particular state)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-ar4YGxOq",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(loc)<in what>",
"3": ":przy(loc)<in what>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ locative) ‘in what’; or with przy (+ locative) ‘in what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with przy (+ locative) ‘in what’"
],
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘in",
"what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to keep (to cause someone or something to continue to be in a particular state) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’; or with przy (+ locative) ‘in what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to keep (to cause someone not to leave a place or a person)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-nDhW0SJg",
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to keep (to cause someone not to leave a place or a person)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to keep, to maintain (to not be forced to leave a place by fighting)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-8LuUCZVQ",
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to keep, to maintain (to not be forced to leave a place by fighting)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 2 2 2 21 2 17 2 7 2 4 4 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 2 2 2 22 2 18 2 7 2 7 3 21 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 2 3 2 16 4 15 6 6 4 7 6 16 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 3 3 3 3 11 5 13 4 5 3 4 5 12 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ywać",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain (to cover the costs of living of someone or the functioning of something)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-yE359A4u",
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to maintain (to cover the costs of living of someone or the functioning of something)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to maintain (to give something certain appearance or style)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-JfqSBiER",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(loc)<in what>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ locative) ‘in what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘in",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to maintain (to give something certain appearance or style) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 2 2 2 21 2 17 2 7 2 4 4 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 2 2 2 22 2 18 2 7 2 7 3 21 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 2 3 2 16 4 15 6 6 4 7 6 16 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 3 3 3 3 11 5 13 4 5 3 4 5 12 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ywać",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain (to keep something in good condition by using or taking care of it)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-1XrbfNfT",
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to maintain (to keep something in good condition by using or taking care of it)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to keep up with (to keep in touch with someone)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb--HKIY13I",
"links": [
[
"keep up with",
"keep up with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to keep up with (to keep in touch with someone)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to maintain (to claim something about something despite contradictory circumstances)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-RMeLcvjD",
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, imperfective only, literary) to maintain (to claim something about something despite contradictory circumstances)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to stay; to keep, to maintain (to remain in the same position or place despite external forces)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-Lf19IDWo",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"stay",
"stay"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to stay; to keep, to maintain (to remain in the same position or place despite external forces)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to stay; to keep, to maintain (to maintain a held e.g. political position despite external forces)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-iEZAifQa",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"stay",
"stay"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to stay; to keep, to maintain (to maintain a held e.g. political position despite external forces)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obstawać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to stay; to keep, to maintain (to remain unchanged for a long time)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-Y2Uz78sU",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"stay",
"stay"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to stay; to keep, to maintain (to remain unchanged for a long time)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 2 2 2 21 2 17 2 7 2 4 4 20 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 2 2 2 22 2 18 2 7 2 7 3 21 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 2 2 3 2 16 4 15 6 6 4 7 6 16 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 3 3 3 3 11 5 13 4 5 3 4 5 12 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ywać",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to live off (to provide oneself with the money one needs to cover housing, food and other living expenses)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-mIHhn6nd",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":z(gen)<off who/what>"
},
"expansion": "[with z (+ genitive) ‘off who/what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"z",
"(+",
"genitive)",
"‘off",
"who/what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"live off",
"live off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to live off (to provide oneself with the money one needs to cover housing, food and other living expenses) [with z (+ genitive) ‘off who/what’]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to maintain (to not give up while fighting)"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-Q~evZxBq",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to maintain (to not give up while fighting)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to control oneself, to restrain oneself"
],
"id": "en-utrzymywać-pl-verb-LKUTOJ0g",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, obsolete) to control oneself, to restrain oneself"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powstrzymywać się"
},
{
"word": "powściągać się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/u.tʂɘˈmɘ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "utrzymywać"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 4-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ywać",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘvat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘvat͡ɕ/4 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utrzymywać się na fali"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utrzymać się na fali"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utrzymywać się na powierzchni"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utrzymać się na powierzchni"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utrzymywać się przy życiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utrzymać się przy życiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "utrzymywać w ryzach"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "utrzymać w ryzach"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "utrzymać",
"3": "-ywać"
},
"expansion": "utrzymać + -ywać",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From utrzymać + -ywać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "utrzymać",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymuje się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą utrzymywać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie utrzymywać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by utrzymywał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by utrzymywała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by utrzymywało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by utrzymywali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by utrzymywały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech utrzymuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymuj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech utrzymuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech utrzymują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymująca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymując",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "utrzymywanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "utrzymać"
},
"expansion": "utrzymywać impf (perfective utrzymać)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"u‧trzy‧my‧wać"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hold up (to not let something out or change position)"
],
"links": [
[
"hold up",
"hold up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hold up (to not let something out or change position)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hold up (to not break under the weight of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"hold up",
"hold up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hold up (to not break under the weight of something)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "podtrzymywać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"english": "to keep balance",
"text": "utrzymywać równowagę",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to keep, to maintain (to not lose something that is a natural or desirable state; to keep control over)"
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to keep, to maintain (to not lose something that is a natural or desirable state; to keep control over)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to keep (to cause someone or something to continue to be in a particular state)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(loc)<in what>",
"3": ":przy(loc)<in what>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ locative) ‘in what’; or with przy (+ locative) ‘in what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with przy (+ locative) ‘in what’"
],
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘in",
"what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to keep (to cause someone or something to continue to be in a particular state) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’; or with przy (+ locative) ‘in what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to keep (to cause someone not to leave a place or a person)"
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to keep (to cause someone not to leave a place or a person)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to keep, to maintain (to not be forced to leave a place by fighting)"
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to keep, to maintain (to not be forced to leave a place by fighting)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain (to cover the costs of living of someone or the functioning of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to maintain (to cover the costs of living of someone or the functioning of something)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain (to give something certain appearance or style)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(loc)<in what>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ locative) ‘in what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘in",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to maintain (to give something certain appearance or style) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain (to keep something in good condition by using or taking care of it)"
],
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to maintain (to keep something in good condition by using or taking care of it)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to keep up with (to keep in touch with someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"keep up with",
"keep up with"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to keep up with (to keep in touch with someone)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain (to claim something about something despite contradictory circumstances)"
],
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, imperfective only, literary) to maintain (to claim something about something despite contradictory circumstances)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to stay; to keep, to maintain (to remain in the same position or place despite external forces)"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"stay",
"stay"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to stay; to keep, to maintain (to remain in the same position or place despite external forces)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to stay; to keep, to maintain (to maintain a held e.g. political position despite external forces)"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"stay",
"stay"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to stay; to keep, to maintain (to maintain a held e.g. political position despite external forces)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obstawać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to stay; to keep, to maintain (to remain unchanged for a long time)"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"stay",
"stay"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to stay; to keep, to maintain (to remain unchanged for a long time)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to live off (to provide oneself with the money one needs to cover housing, food and other living expenses)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":z(gen)<off who/what>"
},
"expansion": "[with z (+ genitive) ‘off who/what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"z",
"(+",
"genitive)",
"‘off",
"who/what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"live off",
"live off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to live off (to provide oneself with the money one needs to cover housing, food and other living expenses) [with z (+ genitive) ‘off who/what’]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to maintain (to not give up while fighting)"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to maintain (to not give up while fighting)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to control oneself, to restrain oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, obsolete) to control oneself, to restrain oneself"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powstrzymywać się"
},
{
"word": "powściągać się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/u.tʂɘˈmɘ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "utrzymywać"
}
Download raw JSONL data for utrzymywać meaning in All languages combined (20.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.