See universal grammar on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for universal grammar meaning in All languages combined (4.6kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "universal grammars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "universal grammar (plural universal grammars)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 5, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 276",
"roman": "as the unmarked option, but also selects the ‘mirror imageʼ orders as a marked option.",
"text": "At this point, let's gather together various loose ends, and try and paint a\nsimple picture of the overall model of grammar which we are moving towards.\nWe might suppose that Universal Grammar makes available a set of category-\nneutral pairs of rule-schemas such as those numbered (i) and (ii) in (168–170)\nabove. The members of each pair of rule-schemas differ only in respect of the\nrelative ordering of constituents. The task of the child acquiring the grammar\nof a particular language is thus to determine which ordering options are\nselected in the language he is acquiring. For example, the child has to deter-\nmine whether a given language is a head-first language incorporating rule-\nschema (168) (i), or a head-last language incorporating schema (168) (ii): in\nother words, the child has to ‘setʼ the relevant word-order parameter for Com-\nplements, Specifiers, Adjuncts, and so forth. The picture is complicated by the\nfact that some languages permit more than one ordering option: for example,\nas we have already seen, English selects the head-first and specifier-first orders",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hypothetical innate abstract system in the human brain that underlies the grammar of all human languages."
],
"id": "en-universal_grammar-en-noun-AjAw-OZE",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"hypothetical",
"hypothetical"
],
[
"innate",
"innate"
],
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"brain",
"brain"
],
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A hypothetical innate abstract system in the human brain that underlies the grammar of all human languages."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "pou² pin³ man⁴ faat³",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍文法"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍語法"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "pou² pin³ jyu⁵ faat³",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍语法"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pǔbiàn wénfǎ",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍文法"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍語法"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pǔbiàn yǔfǎ",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍语法"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "universaalikielioppi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grammaire universelle"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gramática universal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "universalʹnaja grammatika",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "универсальная грамматика"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gramática universal"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"universal grammar"
]
}
],
"word": "universal grammar"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "universal grammars",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "universal grammar (plural universal grammars)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 5, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 276",
"roman": "as the unmarked option, but also selects the ‘mirror imageʼ orders as a marked option.",
"text": "At this point, let's gather together various loose ends, and try and paint a\nsimple picture of the overall model of grammar which we are moving towards.\nWe might suppose that Universal Grammar makes available a set of category-\nneutral pairs of rule-schemas such as those numbered (i) and (ii) in (168–170)\nabove. The members of each pair of rule-schemas differ only in respect of the\nrelative ordering of constituents. The task of the child acquiring the grammar\nof a particular language is thus to determine which ordering options are\nselected in the language he is acquiring. For example, the child has to deter-\nmine whether a given language is a head-first language incorporating rule-\nschema (168) (i), or a head-last language incorporating schema (168) (ii): in\nother words, the child has to ‘setʼ the relevant word-order parameter for Com-\nplements, Specifiers, Adjuncts, and so forth. The picture is complicated by the\nfact that some languages permit more than one ordering option: for example,\nas we have already seen, English selects the head-first and specifier-first orders",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hypothetical innate abstract system in the human brain that underlies the grammar of all human languages."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"hypothetical",
"hypothetical"
],
[
"innate",
"innate"
],
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"brain",
"brain"
],
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A hypothetical innate abstract system in the human brain that underlies the grammar of all human languages."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"universal grammar"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "pou² pin³ man⁴ faat³",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍文法"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍語法"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "pou² pin³ jyu⁵ faat³",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍语法"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pǔbiàn wénfǎ",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍文法"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍語法"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pǔbiàn yǔfǎ",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "普遍语法"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"word": "universaalikielioppi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grammaire universelle"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gramática universal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "universalʹnaja grammatika",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "универсальная грамматика"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hypothetical system in the brain that underlies the grammar of all languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gramática universal"
}
],
"word": "universal grammar"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.