See umlungu on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zu",
"3": "umlungu"
},
"expansion": "Zulu umlungu",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Zulu umlungu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "umlungus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abelungu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "abelungu"
},
"expansion": "umlungu (plural umlungus or abelungu)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South African English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 31 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 31 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Colin Bender, Makapan odyssey, page 166:",
"text": "No, the average Bantu always had a dilemma; live with the wild tribes and never know when some witchdoctor's tagati would strike him down; or live with the umlungus and respect his authority (and his sjambok).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Samuel Muggington, People of the Stones:",
"text": "The old man snorted and laughed, “Is your teacher an umlungu?”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A white person."
],
"id": "en-umlungu-en-noun-qcoW7nC2",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"white",
"white"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa, often derogatory) A white person."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "white person"
}
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"derogatory",
"often"
]
}
],
"word": "umlungu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀, a variant of Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "úḿlungu",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"class-1"
]
},
{
"form": "bélungu",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "úḿlungu",
"2": "1",
"3": "2",
"4": "bélungu"
},
"expansion": "úḿlungu class 1 (plural bélungu class 2)",
"name": "ss-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 31 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 31 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"white person"
],
"id": "en-umlungu-ss-noun-h5sxWIrX",
"links": [
[
"white",
"white"
]
]
}
],
"word": "umlungu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀, a variant of Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀.\nAccording to the Greater Dictionary of IsiXhosa, the term also referred to a “member of the abeLungu clan descended from whites shipwrecked on the Pondoland coast circa 1700 and absorbed by the Pondos ... ” Many White South Africans believe that it means \"scum of the sea\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "úḿlungu",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"class-1"
]
},
{
"form": "ábélungu",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "úḿlungu",
"2": "1",
"3": "2",
"4": "ábélungu"
},
"expansion": "úḿlungu class 1 (plural ábélungu class 2)",
"name": "xh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Xhosa terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 31 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 31 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"white person"
],
"id": "en-umlungu-xh-noun-h5sxWIrX",
"links": [
[
"white",
"white"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[úḿ̩luːᵑɡṳ]"
}
],
"word": "umlungu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "isilungu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ubulungu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀, a variant of Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uḿlungu",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"class-1"
]
},
{
"form": "abélungu",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zu-infl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "umlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"full-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"full-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"basic-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "belungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"basic-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ngumlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"copulative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ngabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"copulative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "womlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "owomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "owabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "bomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "babelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "ababelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "womlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "owomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "owabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "yomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-4",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eyomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-4",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-4",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "eyabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-4",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "lomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "elabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "omlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-6",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "awomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-6",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-6",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "awabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-6",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "somlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "esomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "esabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "zomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-8",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ezomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-8",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-8",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "ezabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-8",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "yomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-9",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eyomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-9",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-9",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "eyabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-9",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "zomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ezomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "ezabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "lomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "olomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "olwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "bomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-14",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-14",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "babelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-14",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "obabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-14",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "komlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "okomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "okwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "komlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-17",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "okomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-17",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-17",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "okwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-17",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uḿlungu",
"2": "1",
"3": "2",
"4": "abélungu"
},
"expansion": "uḿlungu class 1 (plural abélungu class 2)",
"name": "zu-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "LL",
"2": "1",
"3": "2",
"4": "abelungu"
},
"name": "zu-infl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu nouns with tone LL",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"white person"
],
"id": "en-umlungu-zu-noun-h5sxWIrX",
"links": [
[
"white",
"white"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South African Zulu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zulu terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fellow black person, especially one who is richer or more famous"
],
"id": "en-umlungu-zu-noun-64yZ8n54",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa, slang) a fellow black person, especially one who is richer or more famous"
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/uḿ̩luːnɡu/"
}
],
"word": "umlungu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zu",
"3": "umlungu"
},
"expansion": "Zulu umlungu",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Zulu umlungu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "umlungus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abelungu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "abelungu"
},
"expansion": "umlungu (plural umlungus or abelungu)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English derogatory terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Zulu",
"English terms derived from Zulu",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"South African English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Colin Bender, Makapan odyssey, page 166:",
"text": "No, the average Bantu always had a dilemma; live with the wild tribes and never know when some witchdoctor's tagati would strike him down; or live with the umlungus and respect his authority (and his sjambok).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Samuel Muggington, People of the Stones:",
"text": "The old man snorted and laughed, “Is your teacher an umlungu?”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A white person."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"white",
"white"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa, often derogatory) A white person."
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"derogatory",
"often"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "white person"
}
],
"word": "umlungu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀, a variant of Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "úḿlungu",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"class-1"
]
},
{
"form": "bélungu",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "úḿlungu",
"2": "1",
"3": "2",
"4": "bélungu"
},
"expansion": "úḿlungu class 1 (plural bélungu class 2)",
"name": "ss-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swazi class 1 nouns",
"Swazi entries with incorrect language header",
"Swazi lemmas",
"Swazi nouns",
"Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Swazi terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"white person"
],
"links": [
[
"white",
"white"
]
]
}
],
"word": "umlungu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀, a variant of Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀.\nAccording to the Greater Dictionary of IsiXhosa, the term also referred to a “member of the abeLungu clan descended from whites shipwrecked on the Pondoland coast circa 1700 and absorbed by the Pondos ... ” Many White South Africans believe that it means \"scum of the sea\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "úḿlungu",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"class-1"
]
},
{
"form": "ábélungu",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "úḿlungu",
"2": "1",
"3": "2",
"4": "ábélungu"
},
"expansion": "úḿlungu class 1 (plural ábélungu class 2)",
"name": "xh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Xhosa",
"lang_code": "xh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Xhosa class 1 nouns",
"Xhosa entries with incorrect language header",
"Xhosa lemmas",
"Xhosa nouns",
"Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Xhosa terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"white person"
],
"links": [
[
"white",
"white"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[úḿ̩luːᵑɡṳ]"
}
],
"word": "umlungu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zulu class 1 nouns",
"Zulu entries with incorrect language header",
"Zulu lemmas",
"Zulu nouns",
"Zulu nouns with tone LL",
"Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Zulu terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Zulu terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "isilungu"
},
{
"word": "ubulungu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zu",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀dʊ̀ngʊ̀, a variant of Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀jʊ́ngʊ̀.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uḿlungu",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"class-1"
]
},
{
"form": "abélungu",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zu-infl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "umlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"full-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"full-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"basic-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "belungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"basic-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kubelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ngumlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"copulative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ngabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"copulative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "womlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "owomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "owabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "bomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "babelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "ababelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-2",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "womlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "owomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "owabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "yomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-4",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eyomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-4",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-4",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "eyabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-4",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "lomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "elomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "labelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "elabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "omlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-6",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "awomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-6",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-6",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "awabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-6",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "somlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "esomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "esabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "zomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-8",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ezomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-8",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-8",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "ezabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-8",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "yomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-9",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eyomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-9",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-9",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "eyabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-9",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "zomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ezomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "ezabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "lomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "olomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "olwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "bomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-14",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-14",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "babelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-14",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "obabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-14",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "komlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "okomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "okwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "komlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-17",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "okomlungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-17",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-17",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
},
{
"form": "okwabelungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-17",
"plural",
"possessive",
"possessive-substantive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uḿlungu",
"2": "1",
"3": "2",
"4": "abélungu"
},
"expansion": "uḿlungu class 1 (plural abélungu class 2)",
"name": "zu-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "LL",
"2": "1",
"3": "2",
"4": "abelungu"
},
"name": "zu-infl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"white person"
],
"links": [
[
"white",
"white"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"South African Zulu",
"Zulu slang"
],
"glosses": [
"a fellow black person, especially one who is richer or more famous"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa, slang) a fellow black person, especially one who is richer or more famous"
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/uḿ̩luːnɡu/"
}
],
"word": "umlungu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for umlungu meaning in All languages combined (12.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.