See turnpike on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tpke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "turnpike doubles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "turnpike sailor"
}
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"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "turnpyke",
"4": "",
"5": "spiked barrier across a road"
},
"expansion": "Middle English turnpyke (“spiked barrier across a road”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "turn",
"3": "pike",
"t2": "shaft"
},
"expansion": "turn + pike (“shaft”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English turnpyke (“spiked barrier across a road”), originally used to block access to such a road until toll was paid. Equivalent to modern turn + pike (“shaft”).",
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"form": "turnpikes",
"tags": [
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{
"text": "1626, Ben Jonson, The Staple of News, Act III, Scene 1, Yale Studies in English Vol. 28, New York: Henry Holt, 1905, p. 58,\nI moue vpon my axell, like a turne-pike, / Fit my face to the parties, and become / Straight one of them."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of animals, but admitting a person to pass between the arms; a turnstile."
],
"id": "en-turnpike-en-noun-6geEVrup",
"links": [
[
"turnstile",
"turnstile"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 4 5 2 14 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles",
"word": "pyöröportti"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 4 5 2 14 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles",
"tags": [
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"word": "Drehschranke"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 4 5 2 14 12",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles",
"word": "turnike"
}
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{
"text": "1722, Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, London: E. Nutt et al., pp. 9-10,\n[…] it was rumour’d that an order of the Government was to be issued out, to place Turn-pikes and Barriers on the Road, to prevent Peoples travelling;"
},
{
"ref": "1728, Daniel Defoe, The Political History of the Devil, Part II, ch. 1:",
"text": "[…] Pope Pelagius, then Bishop of Rome […] thereupon assum'd the Power of opening and shutting Heaven's Gates; and he afterwards setting a Price or Toll upon the Entrance, as we do here at passing a Turn-pike […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gate or bar set across a road to stop carriages, animals, and sometimes people, until a toll is paid,"
],
"id": "en-turnpike-en-noun-ES6cHZmA",
"links": [
[
"toll",
"toll"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tollgate"
}
]
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1830, Sir Walter Scott, History of Scotland in two volumes Vol II, A AND W GALIGNANI, pages 463-464",
"text": "Ramsay stabbed Ruthven accordingly and James lending his assistance they thrust the wounded man down the turnpike by which Ramsay had ascended Voices and steps were now heard advancing upwards and Ramsay knowing the accents called out to sir Thomas Erskine to come up the turnpike stair even to the head Sir Thomas Erskine was accompanied by sir Hugh Harris the king's physician a lame man and unfit for fighting Near the bottom of the turnpike sir Thomas Erskine in his ascent met Ruthven bleeding in the face and neck and called out Fie strike I this is the traitor l on which Alexander Ruthven was run through the body having only breath remaining to say Alas I had no blame of it"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A winding stairway."
],
"id": "en-turnpike-en-noun-JhfLteUZ",
"links": [
[
"winding",
"winding"
],
[
"stairway",
"stairway"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) A winding stairway."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 85 3 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vita stǎlba",
"sense": "winding stairway",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вита стълба"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 85 3 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "winding stairway",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "kierreportaat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval de frise."
],
"id": "en-turnpike-en-noun-z~yxXxIm",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
],
[
"obstruct",
"obstruct"
],
[
"passage",
"passage"
],
[
"cheval de frise",
"cheval de frise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval de frise."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
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"name": "American English",
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{
"_dis": "10 9 10 9 41 5 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Roads",
"orig": "en:Roads",
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"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1769, Daniel Defoe, A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain, 7th edition, volume II, page 184:",
"text": "Eleven Pair of Mills ſtand within Four Miles of the Place, which bring a great Trade to it: But the Road is by this means ſo continually torn, that it is one of the worſt Turnpikes about London.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, chapter 11, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:",
"text": "[T]here is a bundle of pawnbrokers' duplicates, those turnpike tickets on the road of poverty ...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A toll road, especially a toll expressway."
],
"id": "en-turnpike-en-noun-en:toll_road",
"links": [
[
"toll road",
"toll road"
],
[
"expressway",
"expressway"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly US) A toll road, especially a toll expressway."
],
"senseid": [
"en:toll road"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pike"
}
],
"tags": [
"US"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "tolpad"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "bidesaria bide"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "bidesaria errepide"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "platena magistrala",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "платена магистрала"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autovia de peatge"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autopista de peatge"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carretera de peatge"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "收費道路"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shōufèi dàolù",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "收费道路"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "收費公路"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shōufèi gōnglù",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "收费公路"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "placená dálnice"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "betalingsvej"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tolweg"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "toll road",
"topics": [
"road",
"transport"
],
"word": "maksullinen tie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "fi",
"english": "freeway",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "maksullinen moottoritie"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "route à péage"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoestrada de peaxe"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autovía de peaxe"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mautstraße"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aftokinitódromos me diódia",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αυτοκινητόδρομος με διόδια"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "fizetős autópálya"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "jalan tol"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bóthar dola"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bóthar paidhce"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paidhc"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autostrada a pedaggio"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"alt": "ゆうりょうどうろ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yūryō dōro",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "有料道路"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bomvei"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoestrada portajada"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rodovia pedagiada"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "plátnaja doróga",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пла́тная доро́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 6 1 59 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "plátnaja avtomobílʹnaja doróga",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
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"ref": "1830, Sir Walter Scott, History of Scotland in two volumes Vol II, A AND W GALIGNANI, pages 463-464",
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"tags": [
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"word": "tolpad"
},
{
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"word": "bidesaria bide"
},
{
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"word": "bidesaria errepide"
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{
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"roman": "platena magistrala",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "платена магистрала"
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{
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "autovia de peatge"
},
{
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"tags": [
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{
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "carretera de peatge"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "收費道路"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shōufèi dàolù",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "收费道路"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "收費公路"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shōufèi gōnglù",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "收费公路"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "placená dálnice"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "betalingsvej"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tolweg"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "toll road",
"topics": [
"road",
"transport"
],
"word": "maksullinen tie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "freeway",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "maksullinen moottoritie"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "route à péage"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoestrada de peaxe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autovía de peaxe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mautstraße"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "aftokinitódromos me diódia",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αυτοκινητόδρομος με διόδια"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "fizetős autópálya"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "jalan tol"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bóthar dola"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bóthar paidhce"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paidhc"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autostrada a pedaggio"
},
{
"alt": "ゆうりょうどうろ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yūryō dōro",
"sense": "toll road",
"word": "有料道路"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bomvei"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "autoestrada portajada"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rodovia pedagiada"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "plátnaja doróga",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пла́тная доро́га"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "plátnaja avtomobílʹnaja doróga",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пла́тная автомоби́льная доро́га"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rathad-càine"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rathad-cìse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autovía de peaje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "autopista de peaje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carretera de peaje"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "betalväg"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "plátna avtomobílʹna doróha",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пла́тна автомобі́льна доро́га"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "plátna doróha",
"sense": "toll road",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пла́тна доро́га"
}
],
"word": "turnpike"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)npaɪk",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)npaɪk/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Roads"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "turnpyke",
"4": "",
"5": "spiked barrier across a road"
},
"expansion": "Middle English turnpyke (“spiked barrier across a road”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "turn",
"3": "pike",
"t2": "shaft"
},
"expansion": "turn + pike (“shaft”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English turnpyke (“spiked barrier across a road”), originally used to block access to such a road until toll was paid. Equivalent to modern turn + pike (“shaft”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turnpikes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "turnpiking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "turnpiked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "turnpiked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "turnpike (third-person singular simple present turnpikes, present participle turnpiking, simple past and past participle turnpiked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To form (a road, etc.) in the manner of a turnpike road, or into a rounded form, as the path of a road."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɜː(ɹ)npaɪk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-turnpike.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-turnpike.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-turnpike.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-turnpike.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-turnpike.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)npaɪk"
}
],
"word": "turnpike"
}
{
"etymology_text": "turn + pike",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turnpika",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turnpiken",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turnpiker",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turnpikene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål feminine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"A young female gymnast"
],
"links": [
[
"gymnast",
"gymnast"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "turnpike"
}
Download raw JSONL data for turnpike meaning in All languages combined (16.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.