See tundā on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*tonn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *tonn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *tonn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "tonnou"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: tonnou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: tonnou"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "tonn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: tonn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: tonn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "tonn"
},
"expansion": "Breton: tonn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: tonn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "ton"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: ton",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: ton"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "tonnou"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: tonnou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: tonnou"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "tonn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: tonn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: tonn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ton"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: ton",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: ton"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "tonn"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: tonn, tond\nMiddle Irish: tonn\nIrish: tonn\nManx: tonn\nScottish Gaelic: tonn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: tonn, tond\nMiddle Irish: tonn\nIrish: tonn\nManx: tonn\nScottish Gaelic: tonn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewd-",
"t": "to hit, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to hit, beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tewh₂-",
"t": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to hit, beat”), as in waves hitting against the shore. Or, it could instead be related to *tondā (“surface, skin”), if the original meaning was the surface of the sea, from *temh₁- (“to cut”).\nZair alternatively reconstructs the term as *tusnā and provides an alternative derivation from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tundā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tundāms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tundom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tundābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tundābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*tundā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tund"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tundā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wave, billow"
],
"id": "en-tundā-cel-pro-noun-hn0xnqGm",
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
],
[
"billow",
"billow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "tundā"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*tonn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *tonn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *tonn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "tonnou"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: tonnou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: tonnou"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "tonn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: tonn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: tonn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "tonn"
},
"expansion": "Breton: tonn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: tonn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "ton"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: ton",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: ton"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "owl",
"2": "tonnou"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh: tonnou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Welsh: tonnou"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "tonn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: tonn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: tonn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ton"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: ton",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: ton"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "tonn"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: tonn, tond\nMiddle Irish: tonn\nIrish: tonn\nManx: tonn\nScottish Gaelic: tonn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: tonn, tond\nMiddle Irish: tonn\nIrish: tonn\nManx: tonn\nScottish Gaelic: tonn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewd-",
"t": "to hit, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to hit, beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tewh₂-",
"t": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to hit, beat”), as in waves hitting against the shore. Or, it could instead be related to *tondā (“surface, skin”), if the original meaning was the surface of the sea, from *temh₁- (“to cut”).\nZair alternatively reconstructs the term as *tusnā and provides an alternative derivation from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tundā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tundam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tundāms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tundom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tundābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tundai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tundābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tundābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*tundā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tund"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tundā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic ā-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"wave, billow"
],
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
],
[
"billow",
"billow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "tundā"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tundā meaning in All languages combined (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.