See tou(x)sman on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "túaim"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: túaim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: túaim"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "tuaim",
"t": "tumulus"
},
"expansion": "Irish: tuaim (“tumulus”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: tuaim (“tumulus”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-sman"
},
"expansion": "*-sman",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "túag",
"t": "arch"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish túag (“arch”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tewh₂-",
"t": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This word is a *-sman noun, but its origin is disputed. There are two basic possible etymologies:\n* If one reconstructs *touxsman, Greene connects this word with Old Irish túag (“arch”). It may be further connected with *exsstungeti (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg-, although Stüber denies a connection to this root.\n* If one instead opts for *tousman, a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”) becomes possible. Zair questions this etymology on semantic grounds, preferring Greene's etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tousman",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-n-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tousman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tousman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tousman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmenous?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmenous?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmembom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmembom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmembos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmembos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmembim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmembim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmembis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmembis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*tou(x)sman n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tou(x)sm"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-n-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tou(x)sman",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic terms suffixed with *-sman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "form",
"sense": "Old Breton: *stum, ⇒ Stumou (a place name); Breton",
"word": "stumm"
},
{
"english": "gesture, curve, form",
"sense": "Middle Welsh: ystum; Welsh",
"word": "ystum"
},
{
"english": "skill",
"sense": "Proto-Brythonic",
"word": "→ Irish: stuaim"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bend, curve"
],
"id": "en-tou(x)sman-cel-pro-noun-s5Bm-xCK",
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "tou(x)sman"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "form",
"sense": "Old Breton: *stum, ⇒ Stumou (a place name); Breton",
"word": "stumm"
},
{
"english": "gesture, curve, form",
"sense": "Middle Welsh: ystum; Welsh",
"word": "ystum"
},
{
"english": "skill",
"sense": "Proto-Brythonic",
"word": "→ Irish: stuaim"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "túaim"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: túaim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: túaim"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "tuaim",
"t": "tumulus"
},
"expansion": "Irish: tuaim (“tumulus”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: tuaim (“tumulus”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-sman"
},
"expansion": "*-sman",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "túag",
"t": "arch"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish túag (“arch”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tewh₂-",
"t": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This word is a *-sman noun, but its origin is disputed. There are two basic possible etymologies:\n* If one reconstructs *touxsman, Greene connects this word with Old Irish túag (“arch”). It may be further connected with *exsstungeti (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg-, although Stüber denies a connection to this root.\n* If one instead opts for *tousman, a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”) becomes possible. Zair questions this etymology on semantic grounds, preferring Greene's etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tousman",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-n-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tousman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tousman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tousman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmenous?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmenous?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmembom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmembom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmembos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmembos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmembim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmembim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tousmembis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "touxsmembis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*tou(x)sman n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tou(x)sm"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-n-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tou(x)sman",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic n-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms suffixed with *-sman"
],
"glosses": [
"bend, curve"
],
"links": [
[
"bend",
"bend"
],
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "tou(x)sman"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tou(x)sman meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.