See torf on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"3": "*derbʰ-"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "torf"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
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"3": "*turbz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *turbz",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "turf"
},
"expansion": "English turf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse torf, from Proto-Germanic *turbz. Akin to English turf.",
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{
"form": "torfs",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
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{
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"nominative",
"plural"
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},
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"nominative",
"singular"
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},
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"form": "torfið",
"source": "declension",
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"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfin",
"source": "declension",
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"definite",
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"form": "torfi",
"source": "declension",
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"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
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"form": "torfinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfa",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
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"form": "torfanna",
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"plural"
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"args": {
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{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
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"sod, turf"
],
"id": "en-torf-is-noun-EoHmajzG",
"links": [
[
"sod",
"sod"
],
[
"turf",
"turf"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "torfa"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔrv/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrv"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*derbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
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},
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"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*derbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ-",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Torf, from Middle Low German torf, from Old Saxon turf, *torf, from Proto-Germanic *turbz, from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
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},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "torf m inan",
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"hyphenation": [
"torf"
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"args": {
"tantum": "s"
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "pl:Geology",
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"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fossil fuels",
"orig": "pl:Fossil fuels",
"parents": [
"Carbon",
"Energy",
"Natural resources",
"Carbon group elements",
"Nature",
"Matter",
"Chemical elements",
"All topics",
"Chemistry",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Natural materials",
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"Materials",
"Nature",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"peat (soil)"
],
"id": "en-torf-pl-noun-xVA-dSev",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"peat",
"peat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) peat (soil)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔrf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔrf/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrf"
}
],
"word": "torf"
}
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"2": "gml",
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{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*derbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ-",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Torf, from Middle Low German torf, from Old Saxon turf, *torf, from Proto-Germanic *turbz, from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"torf"
],
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "torf"
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"kind": "other",
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],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of torf"
],
"id": "en-torf-pl-noun-le2odjfU",
"links": [
[
"torf",
"torf#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔrf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔrf/",
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{
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}
],
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}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "torf"
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"expansion": "Middle Welsh torf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*torv"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *torv",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba",
"4": "",
"5": "crowd"
},
"expansion": "Latin turba (“crowd”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "twrf"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of twrf",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh torf, from Proto-Brythonic *torv, from Latin turba (“crowd”). Doublet of twrf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "torfeydd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfoedd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
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"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dorf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhorf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thorf",
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"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
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"args": {
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"pl2": "torfoedd",
"pl3": "torfau"
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}
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"args": {},
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],
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],
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{
"word": "seindorf"
}
],
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"crowd"
],
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[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔrv/"
},
{
"audio": "Cy-torf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/Cy-torf.ogg/Cy-torf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Cy-torf.ogg"
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],
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}
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
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{
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"1": "is",
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"expansion": "Old Norse torf",
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
"expansion": "English turf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse torf, from Proto-Germanic *turbz. Akin to English turf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "torfs",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
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"form": "neuter",
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},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
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},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfanna",
"source": "declension",
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"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
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"Icelandic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *derbʰ-",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Icelandic terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɔrv/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"sod, turf"
],
"links": [
[
"sod",
"sod"
],
[
"turf",
"turf"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰɔrv/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrv"
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],
"word": "torf"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *derbʰ-",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔrf",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔrf/1 syllable",
"pl:Fossil fuels",
"pl:Natural materials"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*derbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Torf"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Torf",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gml",
"3": "torf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German torf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "osx",
"3": "turf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon turf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*turbz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *turbz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*derbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Torf, from Middle Low German torf, from Old Saxon turf, *torf, from Proto-Germanic *turbz, from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torfie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "torf m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"torf"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pl:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"peat (soil)"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"peat",
"peat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) peat (soil)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔrf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔrf/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrf"
}
],
"word": "torf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *derbʰ-",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔrf",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔrf/1 syllable",
"pl:Fossil fuels",
"pl:Natural materials"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*derbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Torf"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Torf",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gml",
"3": "torf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German torf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "osx",
"3": "turf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon turf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*turbz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *turbz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*derbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Torf, from Middle Low German torf, from Old Saxon turf, *torf, from Proto-Germanic *turbz, from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "torf f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"torf"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "torf"
}
],
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of torf"
],
"links": [
[
"torf",
"torf#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔrf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔrf/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrf"
}
],
"word": "torf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "seindorf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "torf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh torf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*torv"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *torv",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "turba",
"4": "",
"5": "crowd"
},
"expansion": "Latin turba (“crowd”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "twrf"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of twrf",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh torf, from Proto-Brythonic *torv, from Latin turba (“crowd”). Doublet of twrf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "torfeydd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfoedd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torfau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "torf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dorf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhorf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thorf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "torfeydd",
"pl2": "torfoedd",
"pl3": "torfau"
},
"expansion": "torf f (plural torfeydd or torfoedd or torfau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/ɔrv",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh doublets",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Latin",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic"
],
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔrv/"
},
{
"audio": "Cy-torf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/Cy-torf.ogg/Cy-torf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Cy-torf.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔrv"
}
],
"word": "torf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for torf meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: torf/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"torf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "torf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: torf/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"torf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "torf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: torf/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"torf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "torf",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.