"sviests" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sviestmaize"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíesti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíesti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ма́сло",
        "3": "",
        "4": "butter, oil"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "unguen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fat, grease"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin unguen (“fat, grease”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*swied-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *swied-ti",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sweyd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to shine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "svīst",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to sweat; to steam; to dawn"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíestas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíestas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíesti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíesti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ksweyd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "milk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inc-mid"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Indo-Aryan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svíesti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svíestas.\nAlternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svíesti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1st declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviests",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviest",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sviests m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "1st"
      },
      "expansion": "sviests m (1st declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviest",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "1st",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviest",
        "2": "s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviests",
        "10": "sviestiem",
        "11": "sviestā",
        "12": "sviestos",
        "13": "sviest",
        "14": "sviesti",
        "2": "sviesti",
        "3": "sviestu",
        "4": "sviestus",
        "5": "sviesta",
        "6": "sviestu",
        "7": "sviestam",
        "8": "sviestiem",
        "9": "sviestu",
        "type": "1st declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 3 8 3 27 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "cream butter",
          "text": "krējuma sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "sour cream butter",
          "text": "skābkrējuma sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "whey butter",
          "text": "sūkalu sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "fresh butter",
          "text": "svaigs sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "unsalted butter",
          "text": "nesalīts sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "melted butter",
          "text": "kausēts sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "butter bowl",
          "text": "sviesta trauks",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to sautee roots in butter",
          "text": "sautēt saknes sviestā",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "butter industry",
          "text": "sviesta rūpniecība",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to churn butter",
          "text": "kult sviestu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "in the darkness of the corridor the smell of pancakes fried in butter came (lit. ran) to her",
          "text": "gaiteņa pustumsā viņai skrēja pretī sviestā ceptu pankūku smarža",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "butter (a dairy product, obtained from cream, with a high fat concentration)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sviests-lv-noun--I05uQkl",
      "links": [
        [
          "butter",
          "butter"
        ],
        [
          "dairy",
          "dairy#English"
        ],
        [
          "product",
          "product#English"
        ],
        [
          "obtain",
          "obtain#English"
        ],
        [
          "cream",
          "cream#English"
        ],
        [
          "high",
          "high#English"
        ],
        [
          "fat",
          "fat#English"
        ],
        [
          "concentration",
          "concentration#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "butter cookies",
          "text": "sviesta cepumi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "butter dough is made from butter, sugar, (and) wheat flour, adding a little egg (= one or two eggs)",
          "text": "sviesta mīklu gatavo no sviesta, cukura, kviešu miltiem, nedaudz pievienojot olas",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "butter; containing butter, made with butter"
      ],
      "id": "en-sviests-lv-noun--~hjU7Ss",
      "links": [
        [
          "genitive",
          "genitive"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ],
        [
          "adjectival",
          "adjectival"
        ],
        [
          "butter",
          "butter"
        ],
        [
          "contain",
          "contain"
        ],
        [
          "made",
          "make"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the genitive, used adjectivally) butter; containing butter, made with butter"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in the genitive",
        "used adjectivally"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "butter, spread (any food paste generally used as spread)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sviests-lv-noun-wrt6EFxg",
      "links": [
        [
          "butter",
          "butter"
        ],
        [
          "spread",
          "spread"
        ],
        [
          "food",
          "food#English"
        ],
        [
          "paste",
          "paste#English"
        ],
        [
          "generally",
          "generally#English"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use#English"
        ],
        [
          "spread",
          "spread#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "nonsense; something that is bizarre"
      ],
      "id": "en-sviests-lv-noun-z0eQxWaR",
      "links": [
        [
          "nonsense",
          "nonsense"
        ],
        [
          "bizarre",
          "bizarre"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) nonsense; something that is bizarre"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine",
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to deteriorate; to fail (lit. to go into butter)",
          "text": "saiet sviestā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "something that has poor quality, is not successful"
      ],
      "id": "en-sviests-lv-noun-fq72MLnM",
      "links": [
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality"
        ],
        [
          "successful",
          "successful"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) something that has poor quality, is not successful"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sviɛ̂sts]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sviests"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíesti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíesti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ма́сло",
        "3": "",
        "4": "butter, oil"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "unguen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fat, grease"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin unguen (“fat, grease”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*swied-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *swied-ti",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sweyd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to shine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "svīst",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to sweat; to steam; to dawn"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíestas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíestas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíesti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíesti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ksweyd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "milk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inc-mid"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Indo-Aryan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svíesti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svíestas.\nAlternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svíesti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-part",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviests",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "participle",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sviests",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviest",
        "2": "t"
      },
      "expansion": "sviests ()",
      "name": "lv-part"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "svies",
        "2": "t",
        "extrawidth": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-part"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviest",
        "2": "indef",
        "x": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-part-past-pass"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviests",
        "10": "sviestu",
        "11": "sviestas",
        "12": "sviestu",
        "13": "sviestam",
        "14": "sviestiem",
        "15": "sviestai",
        "16": "sviestām",
        "17": "sviestu",
        "18": "sviestiem",
        "19": "sviestu",
        "2": "sviesti",
        "20": "sviestām",
        "21": "sviestā",
        "22": "sviestos",
        "23": "sviestā",
        "24": "sviestās",
        "25": "sviesto",
        "26": "sviestais",
        "27": "sviestie",
        "28": "sviesto",
        "29": "sviestā",
        "3": "sviesta",
        "30": "sviestās",
        "31": "indef",
        "4": "sviestas",
        "5": "sviestu",
        "6": "sviestus",
        "7": "sviestu",
        "8": "sviestas",
        "9": "sviesta",
        "x": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-part-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 2 18 1 11 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 2 13 2 15 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 10 12 5 17 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 4 10 2 5 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 3 19 2 2 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 5 23 2 5 43",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Condiments",
          "orig": "lv:Condiments",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thrown, flung, slung; indefinite past passive participle of sviest"
      ],
      "id": "en-sviests-lv-verb-SvqRNEgG",
      "links": [
        [
          "thrown",
          "thrown"
        ],
        [
          "flung",
          "flung"
        ],
        [
          "slung",
          "slung"
        ],
        [
          "sviest",
          "sviest#Latvian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "participle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sviɛ̂sts]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sviests"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian first declension nouns",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian masculine nouns",
    "Latvian non-lemma forms",
    "Latvian nouns",
    "Latvian participles",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian undefined derivations",
    "Latvian words with broken intonation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "lv:Condiments"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "sviestmaize"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíesti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíesti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ма́сло",
        "3": "",
        "4": "butter, oil"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "unguen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fat, grease"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin unguen (“fat, grease”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*swied-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *swied-ti",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sweyd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to shine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "svīst",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to sweat; to steam; to dawn"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíestas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíestas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíesti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíesti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ksweyd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "milk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inc-mid"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Indo-Aryan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svíesti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svíestas.\nAlternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svíesti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1st declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviests",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviest",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sviests m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "1st"
      },
      "expansion": "sviests m (1st declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviest",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "1st",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviest",
        "2": "s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviests",
        "10": "sviestiem",
        "11": "sviestā",
        "12": "sviestos",
        "13": "sviest",
        "14": "sviesti",
        "2": "sviesti",
        "3": "sviestu",
        "4": "sviestus",
        "5": "sviesta",
        "6": "sviestu",
        "7": "sviestam",
        "8": "sviestiem",
        "9": "sviestu",
        "type": "1st declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "cream butter",
          "text": "krējuma sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "sour cream butter",
          "text": "skābkrējuma sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "whey butter",
          "text": "sūkalu sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "fresh butter",
          "text": "svaigs sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "unsalted butter",
          "text": "nesalīts sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "melted butter",
          "text": "kausēts sviests",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "butter bowl",
          "text": "sviesta trauks",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to sautee roots in butter",
          "text": "sautēt saknes sviestā",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "butter industry",
          "text": "sviesta rūpniecība",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to churn butter",
          "text": "kult sviestu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "in the darkness of the corridor the smell of pancakes fried in butter came (lit. ran) to her",
          "text": "gaiteņa pustumsā viņai skrēja pretī sviestā ceptu pankūku smarža",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "butter (a dairy product, obtained from cream, with a high fat concentration)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "butter",
          "butter"
        ],
        [
          "dairy",
          "dairy#English"
        ],
        [
          "product",
          "product#English"
        ],
        [
          "obtain",
          "obtain#English"
        ],
        [
          "cream",
          "cream#English"
        ],
        [
          "high",
          "high#English"
        ],
        [
          "fat",
          "fat#English"
        ],
        [
          "concentration",
          "concentration#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "butter cookies",
          "text": "sviesta cepumi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "butter dough is made from butter, sugar, (and) wheat flour, adding a little egg (= one or two eggs)",
          "text": "sviesta mīklu gatavo no sviesta, cukura, kviešu miltiem, nedaudz pievienojot olas",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "butter; containing butter, made with butter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "genitive",
          "genitive"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ],
        [
          "adjectival",
          "adjectival"
        ],
        [
          "butter",
          "butter"
        ],
        [
          "contain",
          "contain"
        ],
        [
          "made",
          "make"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the genitive, used adjectivally) butter; containing butter, made with butter"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in the genitive",
        "used adjectivally"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "butter, spread (any food paste generally used as spread)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "butter",
          "butter"
        ],
        [
          "spread",
          "spread"
        ],
        [
          "food",
          "food#English"
        ],
        [
          "paste",
          "paste#English"
        ],
        [
          "generally",
          "generally#English"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use#English"
        ],
        [
          "spread",
          "spread#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian slang"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nonsense; something that is bizarre"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nonsense",
          "nonsense"
        ],
        [
          "bizarre",
          "bizarre"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) nonsense; something that is bizarre"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine",
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian slang",
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to deteriorate; to fail (lit. to go into butter)",
          "text": "saiet sviestā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "something that has poor quality, is not successful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "quality",
          "quality"
        ],
        [
          "successful",
          "successful"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) something that has poor quality, is not successful"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "masculine",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sviɛ̂sts]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sviests"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian first declension nouns",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian masculine nouns",
    "Latvian non-lemma forms",
    "Latvian nouns",
    "Latvian participles",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian undefined derivations",
    "Latvian words with broken intonation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "lv:Condiments"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíesti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíesti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ма́сло",
        "3": "",
        "4": "butter, oil"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "unguen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fat, grease"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin unguen (“fat, grease”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*swied-ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *swied-ti",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sweyd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to shine"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "svīst",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to sweat; to steam; to dawn"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíestas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíestas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "svíesti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian svíesti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ksweyd-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "milk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inc-mid"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Indo-Aryan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svíesti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svíestas.\nAlternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svíesti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-part",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviests",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sviestās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "participle",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sviests",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviest",
        "2": "t"
      },
      "expansion": "sviests ()",
      "name": "lv-part"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "svies",
        "2": "t",
        "extrawidth": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-part"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviest",
        "2": "indef",
        "x": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-part-past-pass"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sviests",
        "10": "sviestu",
        "11": "sviestas",
        "12": "sviestu",
        "13": "sviestam",
        "14": "sviestiem",
        "15": "sviestai",
        "16": "sviestām",
        "17": "sviestu",
        "18": "sviestiem",
        "19": "sviestu",
        "2": "sviesti",
        "20": "sviestām",
        "21": "sviestā",
        "22": "sviestos",
        "23": "sviestā",
        "24": "sviestās",
        "25": "sviesto",
        "26": "sviestais",
        "27": "sviestie",
        "28": "sviesto",
        "29": "sviestā",
        "3": "sviesta",
        "30": "sviestās",
        "31": "indef",
        "4": "sviestas",
        "5": "sviestu",
        "6": "sviestus",
        "7": "sviestu",
        "8": "sviestas",
        "9": "sviesta",
        "x": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-part-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian past passive participles"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thrown, flung, slung; indefinite past passive participle of sviest"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thrown",
          "thrown"
        ],
        [
          "flung",
          "flung"
        ],
        [
          "slung",
          "slung"
        ],
        [
          "sviest",
          "sviest#Latvian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "participle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sviɛ̂sts]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sviests"
}