See sviests on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sviestmaize"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíesti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́esti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ма́сло",
"3": "",
"4": "butter, oil"
},
"expansion": "Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unguen",
"3": "",
"4": "fat, grease"
},
"expansion": "Latin unguen (“fat, grease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*swied-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *swied-ti",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sweyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "svīst",
"3": "",
"4": "to sweat; to steam; to dawn"
},
"expansion": "Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíestas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́estas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíesti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́esti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ksweyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "milk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-mid"
},
"expansion": "Middle Indo-Aryan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svi̇́esti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svi̇́estas.\nAlternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svi̇́esti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sviests",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "sviests m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "sviests m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sviest",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sviest",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sviests",
"10": "sviestiem",
"11": "sviestā",
"12": "sviestos",
"13": "sviest",
"14": "sviesti",
"2": "sviesti",
"3": "sviestu",
"4": "sviestus",
"5": "sviesta",
"6": "sviestu",
"7": "sviestam",
"8": "sviestiem",
"9": "sviestu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 32 10 3 11 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 16 5 5 26 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 42 5 1 2 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 38 11 1 2 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 18 3 4 26",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Condiments",
"orig": "lv:Condiments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
15
]
],
"english": "cream butter",
"text": "krējuma sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
19
]
],
"english": "sour cream butter",
"text": "skābkrējuma sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
14
]
],
"english": "whey butter",
"text": "sūkalu sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
14
]
],
"english": "fresh butter",
"text": "svaigs sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
16
]
],
"english": "unsalted butter",
"text": "nesalīts sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
15
]
],
"english": "melted butter",
"text": "kausēts sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "butter bowl",
"text": "sviesta trauks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
21
]
],
"english": "to sautee roots in butter",
"text": "sautēt saknes sviestā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "butter industry",
"text": "sviesta rūpniecība",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
12
]
],
"english": "to churn butter",
"text": "kult sviestu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
63,
69
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
43
]
],
"english": "in the darkness of the corridor the smell of pancakes fried in butter came (lit. ran) to her",
"text": "gaiteņa pustumsā viņai skrēja pretī sviestā ceptu pankūku smarža",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"butter (a dairy product, obtained from cream, with a high fat concentration)"
],
"id": "en-sviests-lv-noun--I05uQkl",
"links": [
[
"butter",
"butter"
],
[
"dairy",
"dairy#English"
],
[
"product",
"product#English"
],
[
"obtain",
"obtain#English"
],
[
"cream",
"cream#English"
],
[
"high",
"high#English"
],
[
"fat",
"fat#English"
],
[
"concentration",
"concentration#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 32 10 3 11 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 42 5 1 2 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 38 11 1 2 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 18 3 4 26",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Condiments",
"orig": "lv:Condiments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "butter cookies",
"text": "sviesta cepumi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
26,
32
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
],
[
24,
31
]
],
"english": "butter dough is made from butter, sugar, (and) wheat flour, adding a little egg (= one or two eggs)",
"text": "sviesta mīklu gatavo no sviesta, cukura, kviešu miltiem, nedaudz pievienojot olas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"butter; containing butter, made with butter"
],
"id": "en-sviests-lv-noun--~hjU7Ss",
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"genitive"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"adjectival",
"adjectival"
],
[
"butter",
"butter"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
],
[
"made",
"make"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the genitive, used adjectivally) butter; containing butter, made with butter"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the genitive",
"used adjectivally"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 32 10 3 11 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 38 11 1 2 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 18 3 4 26",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Condiments",
"orig": "lv:Condiments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"butter, spread (any food paste generally used as spread)"
],
"id": "en-sviests-lv-noun-wrt6EFxg",
"links": [
[
"butter",
"butter"
],
[
"spread",
"spread"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
],
[
"paste",
"paste#English"
],
[
"generally",
"generally#English"
],
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"spread",
"spread#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"nonsense; something that is bizarre"
],
"id": "en-sviests-lv-noun-z0eQxWaR",
"links": [
[
"nonsense",
"nonsense"
],
[
"bizarre",
"bizarre"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) nonsense; something that is bizarre"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 32 10 3 11 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
41,
47
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
13
]
],
"english": "to deteriorate; to fail (lit. to go into butter)",
"text": "saiet sviestā",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"something that has poor quality, is not successful"
],
"id": "en-sviests-lv-noun-fq72MLnM",
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"successful",
"successful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) something that has poor quality, is not successful"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sviɛ̂sts]"
}
],
"word": "sviests"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíesti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́esti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ма́сло",
"3": "",
"4": "butter, oil"
},
"expansion": "Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unguen",
"3": "",
"4": "fat, grease"
},
"expansion": "Latin unguen (“fat, grease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*swied-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *swied-ti",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sweyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "svīst",
"3": "",
"4": "to sweat; to steam; to dawn"
},
"expansion": "Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíestas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́estas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíesti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́esti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ksweyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "milk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-mid"
},
"expansion": "Middle Indo-Aryan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svi̇́esti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svi̇́estas.\nAlternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svi̇́esti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-part",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sviests",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "sviests",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sviest",
"2": "t"
},
"expansion": "sviests ()",
"name": "lv-part"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "svies",
"2": "t",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-part"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sviest",
"2": "indef",
"x": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-part-past-pass"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sviests",
"10": "sviestu",
"11": "sviestas",
"12": "sviestu",
"13": "sviestam",
"14": "sviestiem",
"15": "sviestai",
"16": "sviestām",
"17": "sviestu",
"18": "sviestiem",
"19": "sviestu",
"2": "sviesti",
"20": "sviestām",
"21": "sviestā",
"22": "sviestos",
"23": "sviestā",
"24": "sviestās",
"25": "sviesto",
"26": "sviestais",
"27": "sviestie",
"28": "sviesto",
"29": "sviestā",
"3": "sviesta",
"30": "sviestās",
"31": "indef",
"4": "sviestas",
"5": "sviestu",
"6": "sviestus",
"7": "sviestu",
"8": "sviestas",
"9": "sviesta",
"x": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-part-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 32 10 3 11 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 6 4 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 18 10 7 16 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 42 5 1 2 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 38 11 1 2 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 30 18 3 4 26",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Condiments",
"orig": "lv:Condiments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thrown, flung, slung; indefinite past passive participle of sviest"
],
"id": "en-sviests-lv-verb-SvqRNEgG",
"links": [
[
"thrown",
"thrown"
],
[
"flung",
"flung"
],
[
"slung",
"slung"
],
[
"sviest",
"sviest#Latvian"
]
],
"tags": [
"participle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sviɛ̂sts]"
}
],
"word": "sviests"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian non-lemma forms",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian participles",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Condiments"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sviestmaize"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíesti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́esti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ма́сло",
"3": "",
"4": "butter, oil"
},
"expansion": "Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unguen",
"3": "",
"4": "fat, grease"
},
"expansion": "Latin unguen (“fat, grease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*swied-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *swied-ti",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sweyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "svīst",
"3": "",
"4": "to sweat; to steam; to dawn"
},
"expansion": "Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíestas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́estas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíesti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́esti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ksweyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "milk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-mid"
},
"expansion": "Middle Indo-Aryan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svi̇́esti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svi̇́estas.\nAlternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svi̇́esti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sviests",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "sviests m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "sviests m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sviest",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sviest",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sviests",
"10": "sviestiem",
"11": "sviestā",
"12": "sviestos",
"13": "sviest",
"14": "sviesti",
"2": "sviesti",
"3": "sviestu",
"4": "sviestus",
"5": "sviesta",
"6": "sviestu",
"7": "sviestam",
"8": "sviestiem",
"9": "sviestu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
15
]
],
"english": "cream butter",
"text": "krējuma sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
19
]
],
"english": "sour cream butter",
"text": "skābkrējuma sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
14
]
],
"english": "whey butter",
"text": "sūkalu sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
14
]
],
"english": "fresh butter",
"text": "svaigs sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
16
]
],
"english": "unsalted butter",
"text": "nesalīts sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
15
]
],
"english": "melted butter",
"text": "kausēts sviests",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "butter bowl",
"text": "sviesta trauks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
21
]
],
"english": "to sautee roots in butter",
"text": "sautēt saknes sviestā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "butter industry",
"text": "sviesta rūpniecība",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
12
]
],
"english": "to churn butter",
"text": "kult sviestu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
63,
69
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
43
]
],
"english": "in the darkness of the corridor the smell of pancakes fried in butter came (lit. ran) to her",
"text": "gaiteņa pustumsā viņai skrēja pretī sviestā ceptu pankūku smarža",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"butter (a dairy product, obtained from cream, with a high fat concentration)"
],
"links": [
[
"butter",
"butter"
],
[
"dairy",
"dairy#English"
],
[
"product",
"product#English"
],
[
"obtain",
"obtain#English"
],
[
"cream",
"cream#English"
],
[
"high",
"high#English"
],
[
"fat",
"fat#English"
],
[
"concentration",
"concentration#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "butter cookies",
"text": "sviesta cepumi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
26,
32
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
],
[
24,
31
]
],
"english": "butter dough is made from butter, sugar, (and) wheat flour, adding a little egg (= one or two eggs)",
"text": "sviesta mīklu gatavo no sviesta, cukura, kviešu miltiem, nedaudz pievienojot olas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"butter; containing butter, made with butter"
],
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"genitive"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"adjectival",
"adjectival"
],
[
"butter",
"butter"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
],
[
"made",
"make"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the genitive, used adjectivally) butter; containing butter, made with butter"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the genitive",
"used adjectivally"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"butter, spread (any food paste generally used as spread)"
],
"links": [
[
"butter",
"butter"
],
[
"spread",
"spread"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
],
[
"paste",
"paste#English"
],
[
"generally",
"generally#English"
],
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"spread",
"spread#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian slang"
],
"glosses": [
"nonsense; something that is bizarre"
],
"links": [
[
"nonsense",
"nonsense"
],
[
"bizarre",
"bizarre"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) nonsense; something that is bizarre"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian slang",
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
41,
47
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
13
]
],
"english": "to deteriorate; to fail (lit. to go into butter)",
"text": "saiet sviestā",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"something that has poor quality, is not successful"
],
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"successful",
"successful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) something that has poor quality, is not successful"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sviɛ̂sts]"
}
],
"word": "sviests"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian non-lemma forms",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian participles",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Condiments"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíesti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́esti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ма́сло",
"3": "",
"4": "butter, oil"
},
"expansion": "Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unguen",
"3": "",
"4": "fat, grease"
},
"expansion": "Latin unguen (“fat, grease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*swied-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *swied-ti",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sweyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "svīst",
"3": "",
"4": "to sweat; to steam; to dawn"
},
"expansion": "Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíestas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́estas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "svíesti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian svi̇́esti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ksweyd-",
"4": "",
"5": "milk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-mid"
},
"expansion": "Middle Indo-Aryan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally the (adjectival) past passive participle of an old verb *sviest (“to smear, to spread”) (cf. Lithuanian svi̇́esti); the original meaning of sviests was thus “(something) smeared (on something else), (something) used for smearing”; cf. Russian ма́сло (máslo, “butter, oil”) and ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to smear, spread (oil)”), or Latin unguen (“fat, grease”) and unguō (“to smear, to anoint”). The verb *sviest would in turn come from *sviesti, from Proto-Baltic *swied-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to shine”) (whence also Latvian svīst (“to sweat; to steam; to dawn”) q.v.); its original meaning would have been “to make something shine” > “to smear with oil, so that it shines” > “to smear” (cf. its descendant svaidīt (“to anoint”), originally the iterative form of *sviest). Cognates include Lithuanian svi̇́estas.\nAlternatively, Pokorny considers this word and Lithuanian svi̇́esti from Proto-Indo-European *ksweyd- (“milk”) (cf. Middle Indo-Aryan क्ष्विर (kṣvira), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬍𐬛 (xšuuīd)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-part",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sviests",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviesta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sviestās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "sviests",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sviest",
"2": "t"
},
"expansion": "sviests ()",
"name": "lv-part"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "svies",
"2": "t",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-part"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sviest",
"2": "indef",
"x": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-part-past-pass"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sviests",
"10": "sviestu",
"11": "sviestas",
"12": "sviestu",
"13": "sviestam",
"14": "sviestiem",
"15": "sviestai",
"16": "sviestām",
"17": "sviestu",
"18": "sviestiem",
"19": "sviestu",
"2": "sviesti",
"20": "sviestām",
"21": "sviestā",
"22": "sviestos",
"23": "sviestā",
"24": "sviestās",
"25": "sviesto",
"26": "sviestais",
"27": "sviestie",
"28": "sviesto",
"29": "sviestā",
"3": "sviesta",
"30": "sviestās",
"31": "indef",
"4": "sviestas",
"5": "sviestu",
"6": "sviestus",
"7": "sviestu",
"8": "sviestas",
"9": "sviesta",
"x": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-part-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian past passive participles"
],
"glosses": [
"thrown, flung, slung; indefinite past passive participle of sviest"
],
"links": [
[
"thrown",
"thrown"
],
[
"flung",
"flung"
],
[
"slung",
"slung"
],
[
"sviest",
"sviest#Latvian"
]
],
"tags": [
"participle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sviɛ̂sts]"
}
],
"word": "sviests"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sviests meaning in All languages combined (16.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.