"studъ" meaning in All languages combined

See studъ on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *stewe- (“to get tight, dense”), comparable to Ancient Greek στύω (stúō, “to make stiff”), Sanskrit स्तुका (stukā, “tight tuft of wool”). Etymology templates: {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*stewe-|t=to get tight, dense}} Proto-Indo-European *stewe- (“to get tight, dense”), {{cog|grc|στύω|t=to make stiff}} Ancient Greek στύω (stúō, “to make stiff”), {{cog|sa|स्तुका|t=tight tuft of wool}} Sanskrit स्तुका (stukā, “tight tuft of wool”) Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|ap=c|stem=o}} Forms: stȗdъ [canonical, masculine], no-table-tags [table-tags], c [accent-paradigm], nominative, stȗdъ [singular], stȗda [dual], stȗdi [plural], genitive, stȗda [singular], studù [dual], stũdъ [plural], dative, stȗdu [singular], studomà [dual], studòmъ [plural], accusative, stȗdy [plural], instrumental, stȗdъmь [singular], stȗdomь [singular], studý [plural], locative, stȗdě [singular], studě̃xъ [plural], vocative, stude [singular]
  1. cold Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-studъ-sla-pro-noun-4nLe7N5y Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic entries with topic categories using raw markup, Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c, Proto-Slavic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with topic categories using raw markup: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 50 50
  2. shame Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-studъ-sla-pro-noun-vxl~82FQ Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic entries with topic categories using raw markup, Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c, Proto-Slavic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with topic categories using raw markup: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 50 50
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: studiti (english: to cool), stydъ (english: shame), studenъ (english: cold), stydnǫti (english: to become cold)

Download JSON data for studъ meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "студь"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: студь (studʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: студь (studʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "студъ"
          },
          "expansion": "студъ (studŭ)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic: студъ (studŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "[Term?]",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic: [Term?]"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "студ"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: студ (stud)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: студ (stud)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "студ"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: студ (stud)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: студ (stud)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "сту̑д",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: сту̑д",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: сту̑д"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "stȗd",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: stȗd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: stȗd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "stȗd",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: stȗd",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stȗd"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: stȗd (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: stȗd (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "stud"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: stud",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: stud"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "ostuda"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: ostuda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: ostuda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "stud"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: stud",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: stud"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*stewe-",
        "t": "to get tight, dense"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stewe- (“to get tight, dense”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "στύω",
        "t": "to make stiff"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek στύω (stúō, “to make stiff”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "स्तुका",
        "t": "tight tuft of wool"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit स्तुका (stukā, “tight tuft of wool”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *stewe- (“to get tight, dense”), comparable to Ancient Greek στύω (stúō, “to make stiff”), Sanskrit स्तुका (stukā, “tight tuft of wool”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stȗdъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nominative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "genitive",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stũdъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studomà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studòmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accusative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "instrumental",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdъmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "locative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studě̃xъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vocative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stude",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ap": "c",
        "stem": "o"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/studъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to cool",
      "word": "studiti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "shame",
      "word": "stydъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "cold",
      "word": "studenъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to become cold",
      "word": "stydnǫti"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold"
      ],
      "id": "en-studъ-sla-pro-noun-4nLe7N5y",
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shame"
      ],
      "id": "en-studъ-sla-pro-noun-vxl~82FQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "shame",
          "shame"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "studъ"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "sla-pro:Emotions",
    "sla-pro:Temperature"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "студь"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: студь (studʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: студь (studʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "студъ"
          },
          "expansion": "студъ (studŭ)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic: студъ (studŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "[Term?]",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic: [Term?]"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "студ"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: студ (stud)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: студ (stud)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "студ"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: студ (stud)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: студ (stud)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "сту̑д",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: сту̑д",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: сту̑д"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "stȗd",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: stȗd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: stȗd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "stȗd",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: stȗd",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stȗd"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: stȗd (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: stȗd (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "stud"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: stud",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: stud"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "ostuda"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: ostuda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: ostuda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "stud"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: stud",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: stud"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*stewe-",
        "t": "to get tight, dense"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stewe- (“to get tight, dense”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "στύω",
        "t": "to make stiff"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek στύω (stúō, “to make stiff”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "स्तुका",
        "t": "tight tuft of wool"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit स्तुका (stukā, “tight tuft of wool”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *stewe- (“to get tight, dense”), comparable to Ancient Greek στύω (stúō, “to make stiff”), Sanskrit स्तुका (stukā, “tight tuft of wool”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stȗdъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nominative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "genitive",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studù",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stũdъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studomà",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studòmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accusative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "instrumental",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdъmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "locative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stȗdě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "studě̃xъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vocative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "stude",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ap": "c",
        "stem": "o"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/studъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to cool",
      "word": "studiti"
    },
    {
      "english": "shame",
      "word": "stydъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "cold",
      "word": "studenъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "to become cold",
      "word": "stydnǫti"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cold"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "shame"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shame",
          "shame"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "studъ"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.