See stauraz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "stūr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: stūr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: stūr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "staurr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: staurr\nDanish: stør\nFaroese: steyrur\nIcelandic: staur\n→ Middle English: stoure\nEnglish: stour (“stake”)\nNorwegian Nynorsk: staur\nNorwegian Bokmål: staur\nOld Swedish: stūr\nSwedish: stör",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: staurr\nDanish: stør\nFaroese: steyrur\nIcelandic: staur\n→ Middle English: stoure\nEnglish: stour (“stake”)\nNorwegian Nynorsk: staur\nNorwegian Bokmål: staur\nOld Swedish: stūr\nSwedish: stör"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*sapra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sapra",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sapra (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*steh₂-u-ró-s",
"t": "pole"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-u-ró-s (“pole”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σταυρός",
"t": "pale, stake"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós, “pale, stake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "īnstaurō",
"t": "to set up, erect"
},
"expansion": "Latin īnstaurō (“to set up, erect”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-u-ró-s (“pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare, in particular, Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós, “pale, stake”), Latin īnstaurō (“to set up, erect”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stauraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staur",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauranz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stauras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "staurǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauramaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauramiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stauraz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 7 28 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 3 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 1 42 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stake"
],
"id": "en-stauraz-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:stake",
"links": [
[
"stake",
"stake"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:stake"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*furkaz"
},
{
"word": "*stakô"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rod, pole"
],
"id": "en-stauraz-gem-pro-noun-w2ALqvEs",
"links": [
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*furkaz"
},
{
"word": "*galgô"
},
{
"word": "*mastaz"
},
{
"word": "*rōdō"
},
{
"word": "*skaftaz"
},
{
"word": "*spaluz"
},
{
"word": "*spīrǭ"
},
{
"word": "*tainaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑu̯.rɑz/"
}
],
"word": "stauraz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*staur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *staur\nOld Dutch: *stōr\nMiddle Dutch: stoor",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *staur\nOld Dutch: *stōr\nMiddle Dutch: stoor"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)twerH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)towr-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)towr-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stũrs",
"t": "stubborn, unruly"
},
"expansion": "Latvian stũrs (“stubborn, unruly”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Apparently from Proto-Indo-European *(s)towr-o-s, from *(s)tewrH-, *(s)twerH- (“to stir up, agitate”), though Kroonen assigns no etymology and compares only Latvian stũrs (“stubborn, unruly”), which he considers potentially loaned from the Germanic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stauraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staur",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauranz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stauras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "staurǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauramaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauramiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*stauraz m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stauraz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 7 28 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 3 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 1 42 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"destruction"
],
"id": "en-stauraz-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:destruction",
"links": [
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) destruction"
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:destruction"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 7 28 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 3 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 1 42 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disturbance"
],
"id": "en-stauraz-gem-pro-noun-y8NzCR~g",
"links": [
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) disturbance"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "stauraz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)twerH-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "stūr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: stūr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: stūr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "staurr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: staurr\nDanish: stør\nFaroese: steyrur\nIcelandic: staur\n→ Middle English: stoure\nEnglish: stour (“stake”)\nNorwegian Nynorsk: staur\nNorwegian Bokmål: staur\nOld Swedish: stūr\nSwedish: stör",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: staurr\nDanish: stør\nFaroese: steyrur\nIcelandic: staur\n→ Middle English: stoure\nEnglish: stour (“stake”)\nNorwegian Nynorsk: staur\nNorwegian Bokmål: staur\nOld Swedish: stūr\nSwedish: stör"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*sapra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sapra",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sapra (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*steh₂-u-ró-s",
"t": "pole"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-u-ró-s (“pole”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σταυρός",
"t": "pale, stake"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós, “pale, stake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "īnstaurō",
"t": "to set up, erect"
},
"expansion": "Latin īnstaurō (“to set up, erect”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-u-ró-s (“pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare, in particular, Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós, “pale, stake”), Latin īnstaurō (“to set up, erect”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stauraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staur",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauranz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stauras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "staurǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauramaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauramiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stauraz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stake"
],
"links": [
[
"stake",
"stake"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:stake"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*furkaz"
},
{
"word": "*stakô"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rod, pole"
],
"links": [
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*furkaz"
},
{
"word": "*galgô"
},
{
"word": "*mastaz"
},
{
"word": "*rōdō"
},
{
"word": "*skaftaz"
},
{
"word": "*spaluz"
},
{
"word": "*spīrǭ"
},
{
"word": "*tainaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑu̯.rɑz/"
}
],
"word": "stauraz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)twerH-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*staur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *staur\nOld Dutch: *stōr\nMiddle Dutch: stoor",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *staur\nOld Dutch: *stōr\nMiddle Dutch: stoor"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)twerH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)towr-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)towr-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stũrs",
"t": "stubborn, unruly"
},
"expansion": "Latvian stũrs (“stubborn, unruly”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Apparently from Proto-Indo-European *(s)towr-o-s, from *(s)tewrH-, *(s)twerH- (“to stir up, agitate”), though Kroonen assigns no etymology and compares only Latvian stũrs (“stubborn, unruly”), which he considers potentially loaned from the Germanic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stauraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staur",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "staurą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauranz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stauras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "staurǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauramaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "staurō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stauramiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*stauraz m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stauraz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"West Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"destruction"
],
"links": [
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) destruction"
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:destruction"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"West Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"disturbance"
],
"links": [
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) disturbance"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "stauraz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stauraz meaning in All languages combined (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.