See sosna on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "sosna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech sosna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech sosna",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sosna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sosna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech sosna, from Proto-Slavic *sosna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sosna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "sosna f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
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"name": "cs-ndecl"
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],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "44 44 11 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 42 14 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pine"
],
"id": "en-sosna-cs-noun-0pIjchMS",
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "borovice"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈsosna]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-osna"
}
],
"word": "sosna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sosna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sosna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sosna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sosna",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sosna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sosenka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "csb-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sosna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnã",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "sosenka"
},
"expansion": "sosna f (diminutive sosenka)",
"name": "csb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sos‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sosna",
"10": "sosnóm",
"11": "sosnë",
"12": "sosnama",
"13": "sosnach",
"14": "sosnë",
"2": "sosnë",
"3": "sosnie",
"4": "sosnã",
"5": "sosną",
"6": "sosnie",
"7": "sosna/sosno",
"8": "sosnë",
"9": "sosnów"
},
"name": "csb-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "csb",
"name": "Conifers",
"orig": "csb:Conifers",
"parents": [
"Gymnosperms",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "csb",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "csb:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "44 44 11 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 42 14 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pine"
],
"id": "en-sosna-csb-noun-0pIjchMS",
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "sosnowi"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chójka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔs.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsna"
}
],
"word": "sosna"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "סאָסנע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: סאָסנע (sosne)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: סאָסנע (sosne)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "sosna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish sosna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish sosna",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sosna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sosna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish sosna, from Proto-Slavic *sosna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sosenka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sosna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sośnie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sośnie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "sosnowy",
"dim": "sosenka"
},
"expansion": "sosna f (diminutive sosenka, related adjective sosnowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sos‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "sosen"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 44 11 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 42 14 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Conifers",
"orig": "pl:Conifers",
"parents": [
"Gymnosperms",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Woods",
"orig": "pl:Woods",
"parents": [
"Natural materials",
"Trees",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Plants",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Lifeforms",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pine (any member of the genus Pinus)"
],
"id": "en-sosna-pl-noun-0zrGjb0o",
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
],
[
"Pinus",
"Pinus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pine (wood)"
],
"id": "en-sosna-pl-noun-Sc~tNAxO",
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔs.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsna"
}
],
"word": "sosna"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "сосна"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: сосна (sosna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: сосна (sosna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "сасна́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: сасна́ (sasná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: сасна́ (sasná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu-bgm",
"2": "сосна"
},
"expansion": "Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Czech: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Polish: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: sosna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱas-",
"4": "",
"5": "gray, dim"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-snь",
"alt1": "*-na"
},
"expansion": "*-na",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cānus",
"3": "",
"4": "hoary"
},
"expansion": "Latin cānus (“hoary”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haswaz",
"3": "",
"4": "gray"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sap",
"3": "",
"4": "juice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sapa",
"3": "",
"4": "must"
},
"expansion": "Latin sapa (“must”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut, to prune"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Per Vasmer, Brückner: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”) + *-na due to its dark bark, akin to Latin cānus (“hoary”) and Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”). Per Meillet: alternatively reflects an earlier *sopsna (“resin tree”) from *sap- (“taste”) whence are Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”), Latin sapa (“must”).\nAn origin from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”) or *ḱeh₃- (“sharp”) is also possible, but according to Vasmer - less plausible.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sōsnà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnǫ̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnòjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsnǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàmī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàsъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sosna",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with invalid diacritics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-snь",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pine tree"
],
"id": "en-sosna-sla-pro-noun-VlUbTPel",
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*borъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sosna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Conifers",
"pl:Woods"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "sosna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech sosna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech sosna",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sosna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sosna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech sosna, from Proto-Slavic *sosna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sosna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "sosna f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech feminine nouns",
"Czech hard feminine nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Czech/osna"
],
"glosses": [
"pine"
],
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "borovice"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈsosna]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-osna"
}
],
"word": "sosna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Conifers",
"pl:Woods"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sosna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sosna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sosna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sosna",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sosna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sosenka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "csb-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sosna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnã",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "sosenka"
},
"expansion": "sosna f (diminutive sosenka)",
"name": "csb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sos‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sosna",
"10": "sosnóm",
"11": "sosnë",
"12": "sosnama",
"13": "sosnach",
"14": "sosnë",
"2": "sosnë",
"3": "sosnie",
"4": "sosnã",
"5": "sosną",
"6": "sosnie",
"7": "sosna/sosno",
"8": "sosnë",
"9": "sosnów"
},
"name": "csb-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "sosnowi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"Kashubian feminine nouns",
"Kashubian lemmas",
"Kashubian nouns",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/ɔsna",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/ɔsna/2 syllables",
"csb:Conifers",
"csb:Woods"
],
"glosses": [
"pine"
],
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chójka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔs.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsna"
}
],
"word": "sosna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔsna",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔsna/2 syllables",
"pl:Conifers",
"pl:Woods"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "סאָסנע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: סאָסנע (sosne)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: סאָסנע (sosne)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "sosna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish sosna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish sosna",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*sosna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sosna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish sosna, from Proto-Slavic *sosna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sosenka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sosna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sośnie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sośnie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "sosnowy",
"dim": "sosenka"
},
"expansion": "sosna f (diminutive sosenka, related adjective sosnowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sos‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "sosen"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pine (any member of the genus Pinus)"
],
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
],
[
"Pinus",
"Pinus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pine (wood)"
],
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɔs.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsna"
}
],
"word": "sosna"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "сосна"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: сосна (sosna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: сосна (sosna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "сасна́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: сасна́ (sasná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: сасна́ (sasná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu-bgm",
"2": "сосна"
},
"expansion": "Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Czech: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Polish: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: sosna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱas-",
"4": "",
"5": "gray, dim"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-snь",
"alt1": "*-na"
},
"expansion": "*-na",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cānus",
"3": "",
"4": "hoary"
},
"expansion": "Latin cānus (“hoary”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haswaz",
"3": "",
"4": "gray"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sap",
"3": "",
"4": "juice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sapa",
"3": "",
"4": "must"
},
"expansion": "Latin sapa (“must”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut, to prune"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Per Vasmer, Brückner: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”) + *-na due to its dark bark, akin to Latin cānus (“hoary”) and Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”). Per Meillet: alternatively reflects an earlier *sopsna (“resin tree”) from *sap- (“taste”) whence are Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”), Latin sapa (“must”).\nAn origin from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”) or *ḱeh₃- (“sharp”) is also possible, but according to Vasmer - less plausible.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sōsnà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnǫ̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnòjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsnǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàmī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàsъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sosna",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic entries with invalid diacritics",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-snь",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
"sla-pro:Conifers",
"sla-pro:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"pine tree"
],
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*borъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sosna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sosna meaning in All languages combined (16.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.