See sosna in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "сосна"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: сосна (sosna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: сосна (sosna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "сасна́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: сасна́ (sasná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: сасна́ (sasná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu-bgm",
"2": "сосна"
},
"expansion": "Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Czech: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Polish: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: sosna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱas-",
"4": "",
"5": "gray, dim"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-snь",
"alt1": "*-na"
},
"expansion": "*-na",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cānus",
"3": "",
"4": "hoary"
},
"expansion": "Latin cānus (“hoary”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haswaz",
"3": "",
"4": "gray"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sap",
"3": "",
"4": "juice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sapa",
"3": "",
"4": "must"
},
"expansion": "Latin sapa (“must”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut, to prune"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Per Vasmer, Brückner: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”) + *-na due to its dark bark, akin to Latin cānus (“hoary”) and Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”). Per Meillet: alternatively reflects an earlier *sopsna (“resin tree”) from *sap- (“taste”) whence are Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”), Latin sapa (“must”).\nAn origin from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”) or *ḱeh₃- (“sharp”) is also possible, but according to Vasmer - less plausible.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sōsnà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnǫ̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnòjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsnǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàmī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàsъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sosna",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with invalid diacritics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-snь",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pine tree"
],
"id": "en-sosna-sla-pro-noun-VlUbTPel",
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*borъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sosna"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "сосна"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: сосна (sosna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: сосна (sosna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "сасна́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: сасна́ (sasná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: сасна́ (sasná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сосна́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: сосна́ (sosná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: сосна́ (sosná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu-bgm",
"2": "сосна"
},
"expansion": "Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Czech: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Polish: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: sosna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sosna"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: sosna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: sosna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱas-",
"4": "",
"5": "gray, dim"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-snь",
"alt1": "*-na"
},
"expansion": "*-na",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cānus",
"3": "",
"4": "hoary"
},
"expansion": "Latin cānus (“hoary”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haswaz",
"3": "",
"4": "gray"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sap",
"3": "",
"4": "juice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sapa",
"3": "",
"4": "must"
},
"expansion": "Latin sapa (“must”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut, to prune"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Per Vasmer, Brückner: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”) + *-na due to its dark bark, akin to Latin cānus (“hoary”) and Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”). Per Meillet: alternatively reflects an earlier *sopsna (“resin tree”) from *sap- (“taste”) whence are Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”), Latin sapa (“must”).\nAn origin from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”) or *ḱeh₃- (“sharp”) is also possible, but according to Vasmer - less plausible.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sōsnà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsnъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnǫ̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnòjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsnǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàmī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosně̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàsъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnàxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sosno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sòsně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sosnỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sosna",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic entries with invalid diacritics",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-snь",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
"sla-pro:Conifers",
"sla-pro:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"pine tree"
],
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*borъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "sosna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sosna meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.