See sophistication on Wiktionary
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92 0 0 0 4 3", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iztǎnčenost", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "изтънченост" }, { "_dis1": "0 92 0 0 0 4 3", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Kultiviertheit" }, { "_dis1": "0 92 0 0 0 4 3", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "raffinatezza" }, { "_dis1": "0 92 0 0 0 4 3", "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "urbānitās" }, { "_dis1": "0 92 0 0 0 4 3", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "obycie" }, { "_dis1": "0 92 0 0 0 4 3", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "wyrobienie" } ] }, { "glosses": [ "Deceptive logic; sophistry." ], "id": "en-sophistication-en-noun-wYfdbxfZ", "links": [ [ "Deceptive", "deceptive" ], [ "logic", "logic" ], [ "sophistry", "sophistry" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "1 1 97 0 1 1 1", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sofistika", "sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "софистика" }, { "_dis1": "1 1 97 0 1 1 1", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Raffinesse" }, { "_dis1": "1 1 97 0 1 1 1", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry", "word": "álokoskodás" }, { "_dis1": "1 1 97 0 1 1 1", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry", "word": "hamis érvelés" } ] }, { "glosses": [ "Falsification or contamination." ], "id": "en-sophistication-en-noun-K0qx0KFy", "links": [ [ "Falsification", "falsification" ], [ "contamination", "contamination" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "1 1 0 94 2 2 1", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "podpravjane", "sense": "falsification or contamination", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "подправяне" }, { "_dis1": "1 1 0 94 2 2 1", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "falšifikacija", "sense": "falsification or contamination", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "фалшификация" }, { "_dis1": "1 1 0 94 2 2 1", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "falsification or contamination", "word": "meghamisítás" }, { "_dis1": "1 1 0 94 2 2 1", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "falsification or contamination", "word": "elferdítés" } ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "text": "The police force were unable to deal with the sophistication of the criminal network.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Complexity." ], "id": "en-sophistication-en-noun--HpPFcZp", "links": [ [ "Complexity", "complexity" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "složnost", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "сложност" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Raffinesse" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Komplexheit" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Ausgereiftheit" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Sophistikation" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Hochentwicklung" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "complessità" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "finezza" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "finezja" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "wyrafinowanie" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "1 34 5 2 2 25 30", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 29 3 2 2 35 27", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 35 2 1 2 27 32", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 29 6 2 2 40 19", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian 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"other", "name": "Terms with Polish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 26 6 2 2 46 17", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 30 2 1 1 43 22", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Ability to deal with complexity." ], "id": "en-sophistication-en-noun-fqeup1-X", "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "1 34 5 2 2 25 30", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 29 3 2 2 35 27", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 35 2 1 2 27 32", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "the sophistication 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{ "antonyms": [ { "sense": "antonym(s) of “cultivated intellectual worldliness”", "word": "provincialism" } ], "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of French translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations" ], "derived": [ { "word": "oversophistication" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "sophisticacion" }, "expansion": "Middle English sophisticacion", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "sofisticacion" }, "expansion": "Old French sofisticacion", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "sophisticātio" }, "expansion": "Medieval Latin sophisticātio", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English sophisticacion, sophisticacioun, sophisticacoun, from Old French sofisticacion, sophisticacion and Medieval Latin sophisticātio, -iōnis.", "forms": [ { "form": "sophistications", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "sophistication (countable and uncountable, plural sophistications)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Enlightenment or education." ], "links": [ [ "Enlightenment", "enlightenment" ], [ "education", "education" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire." ], "links": [ [ "Cultivated", "cultivated" ], [ "intellectual", "intellectual" ], [ "worldliness", "worldliness" ], [ "savoir-faire", "savoir-faire" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Deceptive logic; sophistry." ], "links": [ [ "Deceptive", "deceptive" ], [ "logic", "logic" ], [ "sophistry", "sophistry" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Falsification or contamination." ], "links": [ [ "Falsification", "falsification" ], [ "contamination", "contamination" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "text": "The police force were unable to deal with the sophistication of the criminal network.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "Complexity." ], "links": [ [ "Complexity", "complexity" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "Ability to deal with complexity." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "text": "the sophistication of drugs", "type": "example" }, { "ref": "1663-1671, Robert Boyle, Considerations touching the Usefulness of Experimental Natural Philosophy:", "text": "how generally they [drugs] are adulterated by the fraudulent avarice of the feller ; especially when the sophistication is very gainful", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The act of sophisticating; adulteration." ], "links": [ [ "sophisticating", "sophisticate" ], [ "adulteration", "adulteration" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic) The act of sophisticating; adulteration." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "countable", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/" }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sophistication.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sophistication.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sophistication.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sophistication.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sophistication.wav.ogg" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "enlightenment or education", "word": "教養" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "jiàoyǎng", "sense": "enlightenment or education", "word": "教养" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "enlightenment or education", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "zaawansowanie" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "enlightenment or education", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "topics": [ "education" ], "word": "ionnsachadh" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iziskanost", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "изисканост" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "iztǎnčenost", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "изтънченост" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Kultiviertheit" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "raffinatezza" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "urbānitās" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "obycie" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "wyrobienie" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sofistika", "sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "софистика" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Raffinesse" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry", "word": "álokoskodás" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry", "word": "hamis érvelés" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "podpravjane", "sense": "falsification or contamination", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "подправяне" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "falšifikacija", "sense": "falsification or contamination", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "фалшификация" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "falsification or contamination", "word": "meghamisítás" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "falsification or contamination", "word": "elferdítés" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "složnost", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "сложност" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Raffinesse" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Komplexheit" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Ausgereiftheit" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Sophistikation" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Hochentwicklung" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "complessità" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "finezza" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "finezja" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "complexity", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "wyrafinowanie" } ], "word": "sophistication" } { "forms": [ { "form": "sophistications", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "f" }, "expansion": "sophistication f (plural sophistications)", "name": "fr-noun" } ], "lang": "French", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "French 5-syllable words", "French countable nouns", "French entries with incorrect language header", "French feminine nouns", "French lemmas", "French nouns", "French terms with IPA pronunciation", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "glosses": [ "sophistication" ], "links": [ [ "sophistication", "sophistication#English" ] ], "tags": [ "feminine" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sɔ.fis.ti.ka.sjɔ̃/" }, { "audio": "Fr-Paris--sophistication.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/Fr-Paris--sophistication.ogg/Fr-Paris--sophistication.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Fr-Paris--sophistication.ogg" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-sophistication.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-sophistication.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-sophistication.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-sophistication.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-sophistication.wav.ogg" } ], "word": "sophistication" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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