See sophistication on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sophistication meaning in All languages combined (10.4kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “cultivated intellectual worldliness”",
"word": "provincialism"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oversophistication"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sophisticacion"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sophisticacion",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sophisticacioun"
},
"expansion": "sophisticacioun",
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"args": {
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"expansion": "sophisticacoun",
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "sofisticacion"
},
"expansion": "Old French sofisticacion",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "sophisticacion"
},
"expansion": "sophisticacion",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "sophisticātio"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin sophisticātio",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sophisticacion, sophisticacioun, sophisticacoun, from Old French sofisticacion, sophisticacion and Medieval Latin sophisticātio, -iōnis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sophistications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sophistication (countable and uncountable, plural sophistications)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 25 21 2 2 7 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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],
"glosses": [
"Enlightenment or education."
],
"id": "en-sophistication-en-noun-pz8qlYdk",
"links": [
[
"Enlightenment",
"enlightenment"
],
[
"education",
"education"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 0 1 1 3 4 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "enlightenment or education",
"word": "教養"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 0 1 1 3 4 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiàoyǎng",
"sense": "enlightenment or education",
"word": "教养"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 0 1 1 3 4 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "enlightenment or education",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zaawansowanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 0 1 1 3 4 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "enlightenment or education",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
],
"word": "ionnsachadh"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 25 21 2 2 7 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire."
],
"id": "en-sophistication-en-noun-m02QdxJw",
"links": [
[
"Cultivated",
"cultivated"
],
[
"intellectual",
"intellectual"
],
[
"worldliness",
"worldliness"
],
[
"savoir-faire",
"savoir-faire"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 91 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iziskanost",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "изисканост"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztǎnčenost",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "изтънченост"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kultiviertheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raffinatezza"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "urbānitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "obycie"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 2 0 0 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wyrobienie"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 25 21 2 2 7 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deceptive logic; sophistry."
],
"id": "en-sophistication-en-noun-wYfdbxfZ",
"links": [
[
"Deceptive",
"deceptive"
],
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"sophistry",
"sophistry"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 92 0 0 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sofistika",
"sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "софистика"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 92 0 0 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raffinesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 92 0 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry",
"word": "álokoskodás"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 92 0 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry",
"word": "hamis érvelés"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Falsification or contamination."
],
"id": "en-sophistication-en-noun-K0qx0KFy",
"links": [
[
"Falsification",
"falsification"
],
[
"contamination",
"contamination"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 2 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podpravjane",
"sense": "falsification or contamination",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "подправяне"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 2 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "falšifikacija",
"sense": "falsification or contamination",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фалшификация"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 2 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "falsification or contamination",
"word": "meghamisítás"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 94 2 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "falsification or contamination",
"word": "elferdítés"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The police force were unable to deal with the sophistication of the criminal network.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Complexity."
],
"id": "en-sophistication-en-noun--HpPFcZp",
"links": [
[
"Complexity",
"complexity"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "složnost",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сложност"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raffinesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Komplexheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ausgereiftheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sophistikation"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hochentwicklung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "complessità"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "finezza"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "finezja"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 0 1 71 26 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wyrafinowanie"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Ability to deal with complexity."
],
"id": "en-sophistication-en-noun-fqeup1-X",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the sophistication of drugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1663-1671, Robert Boyle, Considerations touching the Usefulness of Experimental Natural Philosophy",
"text": "how generally they [drugs] are adulterated by the fraudulent avarice of the feller ; especially when the sophistication is very gainful",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of sophisticating; adulteration."
],
"id": "en-sophistication-en-noun-bjJg1mO-",
"links": [
[
"sophisticating",
"sophisticate"
],
[
"adulteration",
"adulteration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) The act of sophisticating; adulteration."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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],
"word": "sophistication"
}
{
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"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-sophistication-fr-noun-4k03uYTL",
"links": [
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"sophistication",
"sophistication#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɔ.fis.ti.ka.sjɔ̃/"
},
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"tags": [
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"word": "sophistication"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “cultivated intellectual worldliness”",
"word": "provincialism"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 5-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "oversophistication"
}
],
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"args": {
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{
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sophisticacion, sophisticacioun, sophisticacoun, from Old French sofisticacion, sophisticacion and Medieval Latin sophisticātio, -iōnis.",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"glosses": [
"Enlightenment or education."
],
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],
[
"education",
"education"
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"tags": [
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},
{
"glosses": [
"Cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire."
],
"links": [
[
"Cultivated",
"cultivated"
],
[
"intellectual",
"intellectual"
],
[
"worldliness",
"worldliness"
],
[
"savoir-faire",
"savoir-faire"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Deceptive logic; sophistry."
],
"links": [
[
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"deceptive"
],
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"sophistry",
"sophistry"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Falsification or contamination."
],
"links": [
[
"Falsification",
"falsification"
],
[
"contamination",
"contamination"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
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},
{
"categories": [
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"text": "The police force were unable to deal with the sophistication of the criminal network.",
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"Complexity."
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"Complexity",
"complexity"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Ability to deal with complexity."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with usage examples"
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{
"text": "the sophistication of drugs",
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},
{
"ref": "1663-1671, Robert Boyle, Considerations touching the Usefulness of Experimental Natural Philosophy",
"text": "how generally they [drugs] are adulterated by the fraudulent avarice of the feller ; especially when the sophistication is very gainful",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of sophisticating; adulteration."
],
"links": [
[
"sophisticating",
"sophisticate"
],
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"adulteration",
"adulteration"
]
],
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"(archaic) The act of sophisticating; adulteration."
],
"tags": [
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"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
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"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "enlightenment or education",
"word": "教養"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiàoyǎng",
"sense": "enlightenment or education",
"word": "教养"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "enlightenment or education",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zaawansowanie"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "enlightenment or education",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
],
"word": "ionnsachadh"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iziskanost",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "изисканост"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztǎnčenost",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "изтънченост"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kultiviertheit"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "raffinatezza"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "urbānitās"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "obycie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wyrobienie"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sofistika",
"sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "софистика"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raffinesse"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry",
"word": "álokoskodás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "deceptive logic; sophistry",
"word": "hamis érvelés"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podpravjane",
"sense": "falsification or contamination",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "подправяне"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "falšifikacija",
"sense": "falsification or contamination",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фалшификация"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "falsification or contamination",
"word": "meghamisítás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "falsification or contamination",
"word": "elferdítés"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "složnost",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сложност"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Raffinesse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Komplexheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ausgereiftheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sophistikation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hochentwicklung"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "complessità"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "finezza"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "finezja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "complexity",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wyrafinowanie"
}
],
"word": "sophistication"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "sophistications",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "sophistication f (plural sophistications)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 5-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"sophistication"
],
"links": [
[
"sophistication",
"sophistication#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɔ.fis.ti.ka.sjɔ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-Paris--sophistication.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/Fr-Paris--sophistication.ogg/Fr-Paris--sophistication.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Fr-Paris--sophistication.ogg",
"tags": [
"Paris"
],
"text": "Audio (Paris)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-sophistication.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-sophistication.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-sophistication.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-sophistication.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-sophistication.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "sophistication"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.