See scutum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for scutum meaning in All languages combined (14.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "scūtum",
"4": "",
"5": "shield"
},
"expansion": "Latin scūtum (“shield”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "escudo",
"3": "scudo",
"4": "scute",
"5": "écu"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of escudo, scudo, scute, and écu",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin scūtum (“shield”). Doublet of escudo, scudo, scute, and écu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scuta",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scutums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scuta",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "scutum (plural scuta or scutums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 10 31 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An oblong shield made of boards or wickerwork covered with leather, with sometimes an iron rim; carried chiefly by the heavily armed infantry of the Roman army."
],
"id": "en-scutum-en-noun-qRVomOWJ",
"links": [
[
"oblong",
"oblong"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
],
[
"wickerwork",
"wickerwork"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Roman antiquity) An oblong shield made of boards or wickerwork covered with leather, with sometimes an iron rim; carried chiefly by the heavily armed infantry of the Roman army."
],
"tags": [
"Roman",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 10 31 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A scute."
],
"id": "en-scutum-en-noun-jhIQ-ded",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"scute",
"scute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) A scute."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 10 31 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Dwight D. Bowman, Georgis' Parasitology for Veterinarians",
"text": "A tick's eye, if present, is a mere roundish lucent area at the margin of the scutum about opposite the second coxa.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shield-like protection, such as the scutum protecting the back of a hard tick (cf. alloscutum, conscutum)"
],
"id": "en-scutum-en-noun-oP6yGTkM",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"hard tick",
"hard tick"
],
[
"alloscutum",
"alloscutum"
],
[
"conscutum",
"conscutum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) A shield-like protection, such as the scutum protecting the back of a hard tick (cf. alloscutum, conscutum)"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 10 31 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the two lower valves of the operculum of a barnacle."
],
"id": "en-scutum-en-noun-ICmy~KeO",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"valve",
"valve"
],
[
"operculum",
"operculum"
],
[
"barnacle",
"barnacle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) One of the two lower valves of the operculum of a barnacle."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 10 31 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The kneecap."
],
"id": "en-scutum-en-noun-DPq3-XqW",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kneecap",
"kneecap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The kneecap."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskjuːtəm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scuta"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Scutum (shield)"
],
"word": "scutum"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "la:Armor",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*škūta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Albanian: *škūta",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Albanian: *škūta (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shqyt"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: shqyt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: shqyt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "scut"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: scut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: scut"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scute",
"3": "Scutum",
"4": "scutum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: scute, Scutum, scutum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: scute, Scutum, scutum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "scudo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: scudo\n→ English: scudo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: scudo\n→ English: scudo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "escudu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: escudu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: escudu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "êcu"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: êcu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: êcu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escut"
},
"expansion": "Old French: escut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: escut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "écu"
},
"expansion": "French: écu\n→ English: écu\n→ Turkish: ekü",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "French: écu\n→ English: écu\n→ Turkish: ekü"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "escut"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: escut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: escut"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "escudo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: escudo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: escudo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "escudo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: escudo\n→ English: escudo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: escudo\n→ English: escudo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "escudo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: escudo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: escudo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "scût"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: scût",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: scût"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "scutu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: scutu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: scutu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*skoitom",
"t": "shield"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *skoitom (“shield”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skoi-to-",
"t": "piece of wood, sheath, shield"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skoi-to- (“piece of wood, sheath, shield”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*skey-",
"t": "to cut, split"
},
"expansion": "*skey- (“to cut, split”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "scíath",
"t": "shield"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish scíath (“shield”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "щит",
"t": "id"
},
"expansion": "Russian щит (ščit, “id”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, protect”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *skoitom (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *skoi-to- (“piece of wood, sheath, shield”), from *skey- (“to cut, split”); cognate with Old Irish scíath (“shield”), Russian щит (ščit, “id”). Alternative theories derive the term from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, protect”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scūtum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scūta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scūta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "scūta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scūtum<2>"
},
"expansion": "scūtum n (genitive scūtī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scūtum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scūtāle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scūtāneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scūtārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scūtātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scutella"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scūtigerulus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scutra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "scūtulum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 2 10 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 2 6 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 11 19 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 6 20 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "la:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a type of shield: the scutum, the large oblong wooden shield carried by the Roman infantry"
],
"id": "en-scutum-la-noun-jj91ZB8w",
"links": [
[
"scutum",
"scutum#English"
],
[
"oblong",
"oblong"
],
[
"wooden",
"wooden"
],
[
"infantry",
"infantry"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1952 translation by H. Rackham\nBut the first person to institute the custom of privately dedicating the shields with portraits in a temple or public place, I find, was Appius Claudius, the consul with Publius Servilius in the 259th year of the city. He set up his ancestors in 495 b.c. the shrine of the Goddess of War, and desired them to be in full view on an elevated spot, and the inscriptions stating their honours to be read. This is a seemly device, especially if miniature likenesses of a swarm of children at the sides display a sort of brood of nestlings; shields of this description everybody views with pleasure and approval. After him Marcus Aemilius, Quintus Lutatius’s colleague 78 b.c. in the consulship, set up portrait-shields not only in the Basilica Aemilia but also in his own home, and in doing this he was following a truly warlike example; for the shields which contained the likenesses resembled those employed in the fighting at Troy; and this indeed gave them their name of clupei, which is not derived from the word meaning 'to be celebrated,' as the misguided ingenuity of scholars has made out. It is a copious inspiration of valour for there to be a representation on a shield of the countenance of him who once used it.",
"ref": "77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia 35.3",
"text": "Verum clupeos in sacro vel publico dicare privatim primus instituit, ut reperio, Appius Claudius qui consul cum P. Servilio fuit anno urbis cclviiii. posuit enim in Bellonae aede maiores suos, placuitque in excelso spectari et titulos honorum legi, decora res, utique si liberum turba parvulis imaginibus ceu nidum aliquem subolis pariter ostendat, quales clupeos nemo non gaudens favensque aspicit. post eum M. Aemilius collega in consulatu Quinti Lutatii non in basilica modo Aemilia, verum et domi suae posuit, id quoque Martio exemplo. scutis enim, qualibus apud Troiam pugnatum est, continebantur imagines, unde et nomen habuere clupeorum, non, ut perversa grammaticorum suptilitas voluit, a cluendo. origo plena virtutis, faciem reddi in scuto cuiusque qui fuerit usus illo."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a shield"
],
"id": "en-scutum-la-noun-jPArCX6l",
"links": [
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 6 20 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "la:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shield-bearing soldiers"
],
"id": "en-scutum-la-noun-E3QCJJlH",
"links": [
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by metonymy) shield-bearing soldiers"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 6 20 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "la:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a defense, protection, shelter"
],
"id": "en-scutum-la-noun-TxHuYIvl",
"links": [
[
"defense",
"defense"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) a defense, protection, shelter"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskuː.tum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠kuːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsku.tum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskuːt̪um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "scutum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Armor",
"la:Military"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "scūtum",
"4": "",
"5": "shield"
},
"expansion": "Latin scūtum (“shield”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "escudo",
"3": "scudo",
"4": "scute",
"5": "écu"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of escudo, scudo, scute, and écu",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin scūtum (“shield”). Doublet of escudo, scudo, scute, and écu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scuta",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scutums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scuta",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "scutum (plural scuta or scutums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An oblong shield made of boards or wickerwork covered with leather, with sometimes an iron rim; carried chiefly by the heavily armed infantry of the Roman army."
],
"links": [
[
"oblong",
"oblong"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
],
[
"wickerwork",
"wickerwork"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Roman antiquity) An oblong shield made of boards or wickerwork covered with leather, with sometimes an iron rim; carried chiefly by the heavily armed infantry of the Roman army."
],
"tags": [
"Roman",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"A scute."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"scute",
"scute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) A scute."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Zoology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Dwight D. Bowman, Georgis' Parasitology for Veterinarians",
"text": "A tick's eye, if present, is a mere roundish lucent area at the margin of the scutum about opposite the second coxa.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shield-like protection, such as the scutum protecting the back of a hard tick (cf. alloscutum, conscutum)"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"hard tick",
"hard tick"
],
[
"alloscutum",
"alloscutum"
],
[
"conscutum",
"conscutum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) A shield-like protection, such as the scutum protecting the back of a hard tick (cf. alloscutum, conscutum)"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"One of the two lower valves of the operculum of a barnacle."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"valve",
"valve"
],
[
"operculum",
"operculum"
],
[
"barnacle",
"barnacle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) One of the two lower valves of the operculum of a barnacle."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"The kneecap."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kneecap",
"kneecap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The kneecap."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskjuːtəm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scuta"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Scutum (shield)"
],
"word": "scutum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *skey-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Armor",
"la:Military"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*škūta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Albanian: *škūta",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Albanian: *škūta (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shqyt"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: shqyt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: shqyt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "scut"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: scut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: scut"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scute",
"3": "Scutum",
"4": "scutum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: scute, Scutum, scutum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: scute, Scutum, scutum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "scudo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: scudo\n→ English: scudo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: scudo\n→ English: scudo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "escudu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: escudu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: escudu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "êcu"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: êcu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: êcu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escut"
},
"expansion": "Old French: escut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: escut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "écu"
},
"expansion": "French: écu\n→ English: écu\n→ Turkish: ekü",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "French: écu\n→ English: écu\n→ Turkish: ekü"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "escut"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: escut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: escut"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "escudo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: escudo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: escudo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "escudo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: escudo\n→ English: escudo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: escudo\n→ English: escudo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "escudo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: escudo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: escudo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "scût"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: scût",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: scût"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "scutu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: scutu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: scutu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*skoitom",
"t": "shield"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *skoitom (“shield”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*skoi-to-",
"t": "piece of wood, sheath, shield"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skoi-to- (“piece of wood, sheath, shield”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*skey-",
"t": "to cut, split"
},
"expansion": "*skey- (“to cut, split”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "scíath",
"t": "shield"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish scíath (“shield”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "щит",
"t": "id"
},
"expansion": "Russian щит (ščit, “id”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, protect”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *skoitom (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *skoi-to- (“piece of wood, sheath, shield”), from *skey- (“to cut, split”); cognate with Old Irish scíath (“shield”), Russian щит (ščit, “id”). Alternative theories derive the term from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, protect”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scūtum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scūta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scūta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scūtum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "scūta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scūtum<2>"
},
"expansion": "scūtum n (genitive scūtī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scūtum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "scūtāle"
},
{
"word": "scūtāneus"
},
{
"word": "scūtārius"
},
{
"word": "scūtātus"
},
{
"word": "scutella"
},
{
"word": "scūtigerulus"
},
{
"word": "scutra"
},
{
"word": "scūtulum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a type of shield: the scutum, the large oblong wooden shield carried by the Roman infantry"
],
"links": [
[
"scutum",
"scutum#English"
],
[
"oblong",
"oblong"
],
[
"wooden",
"wooden"
],
[
"infantry",
"infantry"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "1952 translation by H. Rackham\nBut the first person to institute the custom of privately dedicating the shields with portraits in a temple or public place, I find, was Appius Claudius, the consul with Publius Servilius in the 259th year of the city. He set up his ancestors in 495 b.c. the shrine of the Goddess of War, and desired them to be in full view on an elevated spot, and the inscriptions stating their honours to be read. This is a seemly device, especially if miniature likenesses of a swarm of children at the sides display a sort of brood of nestlings; shields of this description everybody views with pleasure and approval. After him Marcus Aemilius, Quintus Lutatius’s colleague 78 b.c. in the consulship, set up portrait-shields not only in the Basilica Aemilia but also in his own home, and in doing this he was following a truly warlike example; for the shields which contained the likenesses resembled those employed in the fighting at Troy; and this indeed gave them their name of clupei, which is not derived from the word meaning 'to be celebrated,' as the misguided ingenuity of scholars has made out. It is a copious inspiration of valour for there to be a representation on a shield of the countenance of him who once used it.",
"ref": "77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia 35.3",
"text": "Verum clupeos in sacro vel publico dicare privatim primus instituit, ut reperio, Appius Claudius qui consul cum P. Servilio fuit anno urbis cclviiii. posuit enim in Bellonae aede maiores suos, placuitque in excelso spectari et titulos honorum legi, decora res, utique si liberum turba parvulis imaginibus ceu nidum aliquem subolis pariter ostendat, quales clupeos nemo non gaudens favensque aspicit. post eum M. Aemilius collega in consulatu Quinti Lutatii non in basilica modo Aemilia, verum et domi suae posuit, id quoque Martio exemplo. scutis enim, qualibus apud Troiam pugnatum est, continebantur imagines, unde et nomen habuere clupeorum, non, ut perversa grammaticorum suptilitas voluit, a cluendo. origo plena virtutis, faciem reddi in scuto cuiusque qui fuerit usus illo."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a shield"
],
"links": [
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shield-bearing soldiers"
],
"links": [
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by metonymy) shield-bearing soldiers"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a defense, protection, shelter"
],
"links": [
[
"defense",
"defense"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) a defense, protection, shelter"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskuː.tum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠kuːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsku.tum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskuːt̪um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "scutum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.