See rupes on Wiktionary
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"An escarpment on another planet or a moon."
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"word": "rupes"
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{
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{
"word": "ruper"
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"second-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of ruper"
],
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[
"ruper",
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]
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"ipa": "/ʁyp/"
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{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "arup"
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"expansion": "Aromanian: arup",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "Aromanian: arup"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rupe"
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"expansion": "Italian: rupe",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "Italian: rupe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "Rupea"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: Rupea",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toponym"
},
"expansion": "(toponym)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: Rupea (toponym)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rupe"
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"expansion": "Spanish: rupe",
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"text": "→ English: rupes"
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"t": "cliff"
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"name": "der"
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],
"etymology_text": "From a Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp-(e)h₁-s (“cliff”), from the root *Hrewp- (“break”).",
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{
"form": "rūpēs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
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"form": "rūpēs",
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},
{
"form": "rūpēs",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpibus",
"source": "declension",
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"dative",
"plural"
]
},
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"form": "rūpem",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpēs",
"source": "declension",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpēs",
"source": "declension",
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"form": "rūpa",
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"1": "rūpēs<3>"
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
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"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rūpestris"
},
{
"word": "rūpicapra"
},
{
"word": "rūpicola"
},
{
"word": "rūpīna"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Here some [workers] are excavating a harbor; there others lay deep foundations for theaters, and they are quarrying huge columns from the cliffs, lofty ornaments for future stages.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.427–429",
"roman": "rūpibus excīdunt, scaenīs decora alta futūrīs.",
"text": "hīc portūs aliī effodiunt; hīc alta theātrīs\nfundāmenta locant aliī, immānīsque columnās"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cliff, rock"
],
"id": "en-rupes-la-noun-o-TvdSFO",
"links": [
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "rumpō"
},
{
"word": "rupex"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.peːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːpeːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.pes/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːpes]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rupes"
}
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"2": "la",
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"4": "",
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rūpēs (“cliff”).",
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"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "rupes",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"glosses": [
"An escarpment on another planet or a moon."
],
"links": [
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"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"escarpment",
"escarpment"
],
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"planet",
"planet"
],
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"moon",
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]
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"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy, geology) An escarpment on another planet or a moon."
],
"topics": [
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"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "rupes"
}
{
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rupes",
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],
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"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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"word": "ruper"
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],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of ruper"
],
"links": [
[
"ruper",
"ruper#French"
]
],
"tags": [
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"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁyp/"
}
],
"word": "rupes"
}
{
"derived": [
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"word": "rūpestris"
},
{
"word": "rūpicapra"
},
{
"word": "rūpicola"
},
{
"word": "rūpīna"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "arup"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: arup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: arup"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rupe"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rupe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "Rupea"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: Rupea",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toponym"
},
"expansion": "(toponym)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: Rupea (toponym)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rupe"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rupe"
},
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"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rupes",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rupes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rupes"
}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*Hrewp-(e)h₁-s",
"t": "cliff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp-(e)h₁-s (“cliff”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp-(e)h₁-s (“cliff”), from the root *Hrewp- (“break”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūpēs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
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"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
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"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
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"form": "rūpēs",
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},
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"form": "rūpēs",
"source": "declension",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūpa",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūpēs<3>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "rūpēs f (genitive rūpis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūpēs<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "rumpō"
},
{
"word": "rupex"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Here some [workers] are excavating a harbor; there others lay deep foundations for theaters, and they are quarrying huge columns from the cliffs, lofty ornaments for future stages.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.427–429",
"roman": "rūpibus excīdunt, scaenīs decora alta futūrīs.",
"text": "hīc portūs aliī effodiunt; hīc alta theātrīs\nfundāmenta locant aliī, immānīsque columnās"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cliff, rock"
],
"links": [
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.peːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːpeːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.pes/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːpes]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rupes"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rupes meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.