"ruken" meaning in All languages combined

See ruken on Wiktionary

Verb [Middle Dutch]

Etymology: From Old Dutch *rūcan, from Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną. Etymology templates: {{inh|dum|odt|*rūcan}} Old Dutch *rūcan, {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*reukan}} Proto-West Germanic *reukan, {{inh|dum|gem-pro|*reukaną}} Proto-Germanic *reukaną Head templates: {{head|dum|verb|head=|head2=}} ruken, {{dum-verb}} ruken Inflection templates: {{dum-conj-st|ruk|rôk|rōk|gerōken|class=2}} Forms: strong [table-tags], ruken [infinitive], rukens [genitive, infinitive], rukene [dative, infinitive], ruke [first-person, present, singular], rôoc [first-person, past, singular], ruucs [present, second-person, singular], rukes [present, second-person, singular], rōocs [past, second-person, singular], rōkes [past, second-person, singular], ruuct [present, singular, third-person], ruket [present, singular, third-person], rôoc [past, singular, third-person], ruken [first-person, plural, present], rōken [first-person, past, plural], ruuct [plural, present, second-person], ruket [plural, present, second-person], rōoct [past, plural, second-person], rōket [past, plural, second-person], ruken [plural, present, third-person], rōken [past, plural, third-person], rōke [first-person, past, singular], ruke [present, singular, third-person], rōke [past, singular, third-person], ruuc [present, singular], ruke [present, singular], ruuct [plural, present], ruket [plural, present], rukende [participle, present], gerōken [participle, past]
  1. to smell, to perceive a smell
    Sense id: en-ruken-dum-verb-TCbJyyNV Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 50 50
  2. to smell, to emit a smell
    Sense id: en-ruken-dum-verb-waL7Ke1Y Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 50 50
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: rieken, riken

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for ruken meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "ruiken",
            "3": "rieken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: ruiken, rieken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: ruiken, rieken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "ruke"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: ruke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: ruke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*rūcan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *rūcan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*reukan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *reukan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*reukaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reukaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *rūcan, from Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rôoc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruucs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōocs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōkes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rôoc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōoct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ruken",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ruken",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ruk",
        "2": "rôk",
        "3": "rōk",
        "4": "gerōken",
        "class": "2"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to smell, to perceive a smell"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruken-dum-verb-TCbJyyNV",
      "links": [
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to smell, to emit a smell"
      ],
      "id": "en-ruken-dum-verb-waL7Ke1Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rieken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "riken"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruken"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch class 2 strong verbs",
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "ruiken",
            "3": "rieken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: ruiken, rieken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: ruiken, rieken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "ruke"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: ruke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: ruke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*rūcan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *rūcan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*reukan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *reukan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*reukaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *reukaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *rūcan, from Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukens",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukene",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rôoc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruucs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōocs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōkes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rôoc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōoct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rōke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruke",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruuct",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruket",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukende",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerōken",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ruken",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ruken",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ruk",
        "2": "rôk",
        "3": "rōk",
        "4": "gerōken",
        "class": "2"
      },
      "name": "dum-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to smell, to perceive a smell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to smell, to emit a smell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "rieken"
    },
    {
      "word": "riken"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ruken"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.