See rugină on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "aerugo",
"4": "aerūgō, aerūginem",
"5": "copper rust"
},
"expansion": "Latin aerūgō, aerūginem (“copper rust”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ruggine"
},
"expansion": "Italian ruggine",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "ruzin"
},
"expansion": "Friulian ruzin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "robín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish robín",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "arudzinã"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian arudzinã",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Vulgar Latin *aerūgina, from Latin aerūgō, aerūginem (“copper rust”), with a later stress shift to the penultimate syllable in Romanian, which may have occurred due to the influence of derivatives such as rugini, ruginos, etc. Compare Italian ruggine, Friulian ruzin; cf. also Asturian roña. Alternatively, and less likely, from Latin rūbīginem, accusative of rūbīgō (“rust”), also with a stress shift; compare Spanish robín. Cognate to Aromanian arudzinã.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugini",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-f-ă-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rugină",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruginile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruginii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruginilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugină",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruginilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "rugini"
},
"expansion": "rugină f (plural rugini)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"gpd": "ruginilor",
"gpi": "rugini",
"gsd": "ruginii",
"gsi": "rugini",
"n": "",
"npd": "ruginile",
"npi": "rugini",
"nsd": "rugina",
"nsi": "rugină",
"vp": "ruginilor",
"vs": "rugină",
"vs2": "rugino"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rugini"
},
{
"word": "ruginire"
},
{
"word": "ruginit"
},
{
"word": "ruginitură"
},
{
"word": "ruginiu"
},
{
"word": "ruginos"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rust"
],
"id": "en-rugină-ro-noun-Uh~lyezh",
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-rugină.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-rugin%C4%83.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-rugin%C4%83.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-rugin%C4%83.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-rugin%C4%83.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "rugină"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rugini"
},
{
"word": "ruginire"
},
{
"word": "ruginit"
},
{
"word": "ruginitură"
},
{
"word": "ruginiu"
},
{
"word": "ruginos"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "aerugo",
"4": "aerūgō, aerūginem",
"5": "copper rust"
},
"expansion": "Latin aerūgō, aerūginem (“copper rust”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ruggine"
},
"expansion": "Italian ruggine",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "ruzin"
},
"expansion": "Friulian ruzin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "robín"
},
"expansion": "Spanish robín",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "arudzinã"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian arudzinã",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Vulgar Latin *aerūgina, from Latin aerūgō, aerūginem (“copper rust”), with a later stress shift to the penultimate syllable in Romanian, which may have occurred due to the influence of derivatives such as rugini, ruginos, etc. Compare Italian ruggine, Friulian ruzin; cf. also Asturian roña. Alternatively, and less likely, from Latin rūbīginem, accusative of rūbīgō (“rust”), also with a stress shift; compare Spanish robín. Cognate to Aromanian arudzinã.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugini",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-f-ă-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rugină",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruginile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruginii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruginilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugină",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruginilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "rugini"
},
"expansion": "rugină f (plural rugini)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"gpd": "ruginilor",
"gpi": "rugini",
"gsd": "ruginii",
"gsi": "rugini",
"n": "",
"npd": "ruginile",
"npi": "rugini",
"nsd": "rugina",
"nsi": "rugină",
"vp": "ruginilor",
"vs": "rugină",
"vs2": "rugino"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian feminine nouns",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"rust"
],
"links": [
[
"rust",
"rust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-rugină.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-rugin%C4%83.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-rugin%C4%83.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-rugin%C4%83.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-rugin%C4%83.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "rugină"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rugină meaning in All languages combined (3.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"rugină"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rugină",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.