See ruban on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruban (plural rubans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
48
]
],
"ref": "1770, François de Salignac de La Mothe-Fénelon, Dialogues of the Dead. A new translation, etc., page 110:",
"text": "[…] and at the same time to suspend from a ruban at your neck a basket full of little Spaniels […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ribbon."
],
"id": "en-ruban-en-noun-31OUqD~H",
"links": [
[
"ribbon",
"ribbon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A ribbon."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "ruban"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruban adhésif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruban de masquage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "scie à ruban"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "روبان",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "rubân"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: روبان (rubân)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: روبان (rubân)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ringhband"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ringhband",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hringaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a form of Middle Dutch ringhband, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz + *bandą, *bandiz (“band, fetter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ruban m (plural rubans)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"band, stripe"
],
"id": "en-ruban-fr-noun-jM6gr~8t",
"links": [
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"stripe",
"stripe"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ribbon"
],
"id": "en-ruban-fr-noun-r~w1vWxj",
"links": [
[
"ribbon",
"ribbon"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy.bɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ruban.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Fr-ruban.ogg/Fr-ruban.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Fr-ruban.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ruban"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ruban",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 2 74 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 84 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rubir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rubir:",
"third-person plural present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-ruban-gl-verb-EhzI8Buz",
"links": [
[
"rubir",
"rubir#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rubir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rubir:",
"third-person plural imperative"
],
"id": "en-ruban-gl-verb-vx16bfJv",
"links": [
[
"rubir",
"rubir#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "ruban"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruban",
"4": "",
"5": "ribbon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruban (“ribbon”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "ruban"
},
"expansion": "Middle French ruban",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle English ruban (“ribbon”), from Middle French ruban.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubanau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruban",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "rubanau"
},
"expansion": "ruban m (plural rubanau, not mutable)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ribbon"
],
"id": "en-ruban-cy-noun-r~w1vWxj",
"links": [
[
"ribbon",
"ribbon"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"not-mutable"
]
}
],
"word": "ruban"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruban (plural rubans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
48
]
],
"ref": "1770, François de Salignac de La Mothe-Fénelon, Dialogues of the Dead. A new translation, etc., page 110:",
"text": "[…] and at the same time to suspend from a ruban at your neck a basket full of little Spaniels […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ribbon."
],
"links": [
[
"ribbon",
"ribbon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A ribbon."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "ruban"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruban adhésif"
},
{
"word": "ruban de masquage"
},
{
"word": "scie à ruban"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "روبان",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "rubân"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: روبان (rubân)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: روبان (rubân)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ringhband"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ringhband",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hringaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a form of Middle Dutch ringhband, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz + *bandą, *bandiz (“band, fetter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ruban m (plural rubans)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"band, stripe"
],
"links": [
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"stripe",
"stripe"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ribbon"
],
"links": [
[
"ribbon",
"ribbon"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy.bɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-ruban.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Fr-ruban.ogg/Fr-ruban.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Fr-ruban.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ruban"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ruban",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rubir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rubir:",
"third-person plural present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"rubir",
"rubir#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rubir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rubir:",
"third-person plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"rubir",
"rubir#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "ruban"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruban",
"4": "",
"5": "ribbon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruban (“ribbon”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "ruban"
},
"expansion": "Middle French ruban",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle English ruban (“ribbon”), from Middle French ruban.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubanau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruban",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "rubanau"
},
"expansion": "ruban m (plural rubanau, not mutable)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh non-mutable terms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms borrowed from Middle English",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"ribbon"
],
"links": [
[
"ribbon",
"ribbon"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"not-mutable"
]
}
],
"word": "ruban"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruban meaning in All languages combined (4.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ruban/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ruban"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruban",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ruban/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"ruban"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruban",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ruban/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"ruban"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruban",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.