See roughen on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "roughen up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "rough + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rough + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roughens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roughening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roughened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "roughened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roughen (third-person singular simple present roughens, present participle roughening, simple past and past participle roughened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make rough."
],
"id": "en-roughen-en-verb-osDDYeRF",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make rough."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nagrapavjavam",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "награпавявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "karhentaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "aufrauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "anrauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "rau machen"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "rauen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become rough."
],
"id": "en-roughen-en-verb-8NZfKIsN",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become rough."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zagrubjavam",
"sense": "to become rough",
"word": "загрубявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become rough",
"word": "karhentua"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become rough",
"word": "rau werden"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-roughen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-roughen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-roughen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-roughen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-roughen.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfən"
}
],
"word": "roughen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌfən",
"Rhymes:English/ʌfən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Ido translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "roughen up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "rough + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rough + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roughens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roughening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roughened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "roughened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "roughen (third-person singular simple present roughens, present participle roughening, simple past and past participle roughened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make rough."
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make rough."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become rough."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become rough."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-roughen.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-roughen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-roughen.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-roughen.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-roughen.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nagrapavjavam",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "награпавявам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "karhentaa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "aufrauen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "anrauen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "rau machen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make rough",
"word": "rauen"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zagrubjavam",
"sense": "to become rough",
"word": "загрубявам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become rough",
"word": "karhentua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to become rough",
"word": "rau werden"
}
],
"word": "roughen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for roughen meaning in All languages combined (2.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.