See romusha on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ja",
"3": "労務者",
"t": "laborer; forced laborer",
"tr": "rōmusha"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 労務者 (rōmusha, “laborer; forced laborer”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "romusa"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian romusa",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Japanese 労務者 (rōmusha, “laborer; forced laborer”). Compare Indonesian romusa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "romusha",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "romushas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "romusha",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "romusha (plural romusha or romushas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017, Lizzie Oliver, “‘Like Pebbles Stuck in a Sieve’: Reading Romushas in the Second-Generation Photography of Southeast Asian Captivity”, in Journal of War & Culture Studies, volume 10, →DOI, page 272:",
"text": "Javanese workers were known as romushas (the Japanese translation for the colonial term ‘coolie’) and put to work on Java, its neighbouring islands and across Southeast Asia.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A forced laborer, especially those made to work in the Dutch East Indies under Japanese occupation during the Second World War."
],
"id": "en-romusha-en-noun-3dN5qjEV",
"links": [
[
"forced labor",
"forced labor"
],
[
"Dutch East Indies",
"Dutch East Indies"
],
[
"Japanese",
"Japanese"
],
[
"Second World War",
"Second World War"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rōmusha"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rōmusha"
]
}
],
"word": "romusha"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ja",
"3": "労務者"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 労務者",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Japanese 労務者.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "romusha's",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "romusha",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-'s",
"3": "-",
"pl2": "romusha"
},
"expansion": "romusha m (plural romusha's or romusha)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ro‧mu‧sha"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a romusha; an Indonesian who had to perform penal servitude for the Japanese during the Second World War"
],
"id": "en-romusha-nl-noun-9L2J~DFw",
"links": [
[
"romusha",
"romusha#English"
],
[
"Indonesian",
"Indonesian"
],
[
"penal",
"penal"
],
[
"servitude",
"servitude"
],
[
"Second World War",
"Second World War"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) a romusha; an Indonesian who had to perform penal servitude for the Japanese during the Second World War"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "romoesja"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌroːˈmu.ʃaː/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-romusha.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Nl-romusha.ogg/Nl-romusha.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Nl-romusha.ogg"
}
],
"word": "romusha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "romusha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ro‧mus‧ha"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "romusa"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of romusa."
],
"id": "en-romusha-id-noun-68XIEH0F",
"links": [
[
"romusa",
"romusa#Indonesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ro.mu.ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "romusha"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ja",
"3": "労務者"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 労務者",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Japanese 労務者.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "romusha's",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "romusha",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-'s",
"3": "-",
"pl2": "romusha"
},
"expansion": "romusha m (plural romusha's or romusha)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ro‧mu‧sha"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch indeclinable nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Dutch terms derived from Japanese",
"Dutch terms with historical senses",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"a romusha; an Indonesian who had to perform penal servitude for the Japanese during the Second World War"
],
"links": [
[
"romusha",
"romusha#English"
],
[
"Indonesian",
"Indonesian"
],
[
"penal",
"penal"
],
[
"servitude",
"servitude"
],
[
"Second World War",
"Second World War"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) a romusha; an Indonesian who had to perform penal servitude for the Japanese during the Second World War"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌroːˈmu.ʃaː/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-romusha.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Nl-romusha.ogg/Nl-romusha.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Nl-romusha.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "romoesja"
}
],
"word": "romusha"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ja",
"3": "労務者",
"t": "laborer; forced laborer",
"tr": "rōmusha"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 労務者 (rōmusha, “laborer; forced laborer”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "romusa"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian romusa",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Japanese 労務者 (rōmusha, “laborer; forced laborer”). Compare Indonesian romusa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "romusha",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "romushas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "romusha",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "romusha (plural romusha or romushas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Japanese",
"English terms derived from Japanese",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017, Lizzie Oliver, “‘Like Pebbles Stuck in a Sieve’: Reading Romushas in the Second-Generation Photography of Southeast Asian Captivity”, in Journal of War & Culture Studies, volume 10, →DOI, page 272:",
"text": "Javanese workers were known as romushas (the Japanese translation for the colonial term ‘coolie’) and put to work on Java, its neighbouring islands and across Southeast Asia.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A forced laborer, especially those made to work in the Dutch East Indies under Japanese occupation during the Second World War."
],
"links": [
[
"forced labor",
"forced labor"
],
[
"Dutch East Indies",
"Dutch East Indies"
],
[
"Japanese",
"Japanese"
],
[
"Second World War",
"Second World War"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rōmusha"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rōmusha"
}
],
"word": "romusha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "romusha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ro‧mus‧ha"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "romusa"
}
],
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nonstandard forms",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of romusa."
],
"links": [
[
"romusa",
"romusa#Indonesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ro.mu.ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "romusha"
}
Download raw JSONL data for romusha meaning in All languages combined (4.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.