See refoulement on Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰleh₃-" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fr", "3": "refoulement", "t": "act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees" }, "expansion": "French refoulement (“act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees”)", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "fullare", "t": "to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full" }, "expansion": "Medieval Latin fullare (“to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "fullō", "t": "one who fulls cloth, fuller" }, "expansion": "Latin fullō (“one who fulls cloth, fuller”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰleh₃-", "t": "to blow; to inflate, swell" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "suffix" }, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "noun" }, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "verb" }, "expansion": "verb", "name": "glossary" } ], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French refoulement (“act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees”), from refouler (“to cause to flow or turn back; to repress, suppress; to repulse; to trample on again”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + fouler (“to impress, stamp; to trample, walk on; to mistreat, oppress”) (ultimately from Medieval Latin fullare (“to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full”), from Latin fullō (“one who fulls cloth, fuller”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell”)) + -ment (suffix forming nouns from verbs, usually denoting resulting actions or states).", "forms": [ { "form": "refoulements", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "refoulement (countable and uncountable, plural refoulements)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "re‧foule‧ment" ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "antonyms": [ { "word": "non-refoulement" } ], "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "International law", "orig": "en:International law", "parents": [ "Law", "Justice", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "66 34", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "84 16", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ment", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "82 18", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "70 30", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Finnish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "83 17", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "82 18", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2020 August 26, Gabriel Ewepu-Abuja, “AYM [Afrika Youth Movement] receives UNESCO’s Support to Create Awareness on Migration, COVID-19 in Nigeria, 7 Others”, in Vanguard, Lagos, Nigeria: Vanguard Media:", "text": "He also expressed concern that at the same time there could be cases of refoulement with asylum seekers being returned to their countries of origin, where they are at risk of persecution and in an apparent breach of international law.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; (countable) an instance of this." ], "id": "en-refoulement-en-noun-IHttbK0K", "links": [ [ "international law", "international law" ], [ "refugee", "refugee" ], [ "harm", "harm" ], [ "instance", "instance#Noun" ] ], "qualifier": "international law", "raw_glosses": [ "(international law, uncountable) The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; (countable) an instance of this." ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "94 6", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "word": "palauttaminen vaaralliselle alueelle" }, { "_dis1": "94 6", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "refoulement" }, { "_dis1": "94 6", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Zurückweisung" }, { "_dis1": "94 6", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Abschiebung" }, { "_dis1": "94 6", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Deportation" }, { "_dis1": "94 6", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Ausschaffung" }, { "_dis1": "94 6", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Zurückweisen" }, { "_dis1": "94 6", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Abschieben" } ] }, { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "The forced relocation of a group of people; (countable) an instance of this." ], "id": "en-refoulement-en-noun-hzosD7AW", "links": [ [ "forced", "forced#Adjective" ], [ "relocation", "relocation" ], [ "group", "group#Noun" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic, uncountable) The forced relocation of a group of people; (countable) an instance of this." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "uncountable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "15 85", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "forced relocation of a group of people; an instance of this", "word": "pakkosiirto" }, { "_dis1": "15 85", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "forced relocation of a group of people; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Zwangsumsiedlung" }, { "_dis1": "15 85", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "forced relocation of a group of people; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Vertreibung" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ɹəˈfuːlmɒ̃/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ɹəˌfulˈmɑn/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "rhymes": "(GA pronunciation) -ɒn" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "refoulment" } ], "word": "refoulement" } { "antonyms": [ { "word": "non-refoulement" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "refouler", "3": "-ment<id:nominal>" }, "expansion": "refouler + -ment", "name": "af" } ], "etymology_text": "From refouler + -ment.", "forms": [ { "form": "refoulements", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "-", "3": "+" }, "expansion": "refoulement m (usually uncountable, plural refoulements)", "name": "fr-noun" } ], "lang": "French", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "fr", "name": "Aviation", "orig": "fr:Aviation", "parents": [ "Aeronautics", "Transport", "Sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "26 5 52 2 15", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 3 59 1 17", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "75 3 22", "kind": "other", "name": "French entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "68 4 29", "kind": "other", "name": "French terms suffixed with -ment (nominal)", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "push back (air pushing back on an airframe)" ], "id": "en-refoulement-fr-noun-e43hJc07", "links": [ [ "aviation", "aviation" ], [ "push back", "push back" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(aviation) push back (air pushing back on an airframe)" ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable", "usually" ], "topics": [ "aeronautics", "aerospace", "aviation", "business", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences" ] }, { "glosses": [ "psychological repression" ], "id": "en-refoulement-fr-noun-iFpzmvNR", "links": [ [ "repression", "repression" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable", "usually" ] }, { "glosses": [ "in refugee law, the term for a country returning a refugee or refugee claimant to the country of origin or to danger; refoulment" ], "id": "en-refoulement-fr-noun-wrZfFo0U", "links": [ [ "refugee", "refugee" ], [ "refoulment", "refoulment" ] ], "qualifier": "refugee law", "raw_glosses": [ "(refugee law) in refugee law, the term for a country returning a refugee or refugee claimant to the country of origin or to danger; refoulment" ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable", "usually" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ʁə.ful.mɑ̃/" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav.ogg" } ], "wikipedia": [ "fr:refoulement" ], "word": "refoulement" }
{ "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from French", "English terms derived from French", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Medieval Latin", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₃-", "English terms suffixed with -ment", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɒn", "Rhymes:English/ɒn/3 syllables", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰleh₃-" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fr", "3": "refoulement", "t": "act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees" }, "expansion": "French refoulement (“act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees”)", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ML.", "3": "fullare", "t": "to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full" }, "expansion": "Medieval Latin fullare (“to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "fullō", "t": "one who fulls cloth, fuller" }, "expansion": "Latin fullō (“one who fulls cloth, fuller”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰleh₃-", "t": "to blow; to inflate, swell" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "suffix" }, "expansion": "suffix", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "noun" }, "expansion": "noun", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "verb" }, "expansion": "verb", "name": "glossary" } ], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French refoulement (“act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees”), from refouler (“to cause to flow or turn back; to repress, suppress; to repulse; to trample on again”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + fouler (“to impress, stamp; to trample, walk on; to mistreat, oppress”) (ultimately from Medieval Latin fullare (“to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full”), from Latin fullō (“one who fulls cloth, fuller”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell”)) + -ment (suffix forming nouns from verbs, usually denoting resulting actions or states).", "forms": [ { "form": "refoulements", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "refoulement (countable and uncountable, plural refoulements)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "re‧foule‧ment" ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "antonyms": [ { "word": "non-refoulement" } ], "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns", "en:International law" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2020 August 26, Gabriel Ewepu-Abuja, “AYM [Afrika Youth Movement] receives UNESCO’s Support to Create Awareness on Migration, COVID-19 in Nigeria, 7 Others”, in Vanguard, Lagos, Nigeria: Vanguard Media:", "text": "He also expressed concern that at the same time there could be cases of refoulement with asylum seekers being returned to their countries of origin, where they are at risk of persecution and in an apparent breach of international law.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; (countable) an instance of this." ], "links": [ [ "international law", "international law" ], [ "refugee", "refugee" ], [ "harm", "harm" ], [ "instance", "instance#Noun" ] ], "qualifier": "international law", "raw_glosses": [ "(international law, uncountable) The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; (countable) an instance of this." ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with archaic senses", "English uncountable nouns" ], "glosses": [ "The forced relocation of a group of people; (countable) an instance of this." ], "links": [ [ "forced", "forced#Adjective" ], [ "relocation", "relocation" ], [ "group", "group#Noun" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic, uncountable) The forced relocation of a group of people; (countable) an instance of this." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ɹəˈfuːlmɒ̃/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ɹəˌfulˈmɑn/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "rhymes": "(GA pronunciation) -ɒn" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "refoulment" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "word": "palauttaminen vaaralliselle alueelle" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "refoulement" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Zurückweisung" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Abschiebung" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Deportation" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Ausschaffung" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Zurückweisen" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; an instance of this", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Abschieben" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "forced relocation of a group of people; an instance of this", "word": "pakkosiirto" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "forced relocation of a group of people; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Zwangsumsiedlung" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "forced relocation of a group of people; an instance of this", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Vertreibung" } ], "word": "refoulement" } { "antonyms": [ { "word": "non-refoulement" } ], "categories": [ "French 3-syllable words", "French countable nouns", "French entries with incorrect language header", "French lemmas", "French masculine nouns", "French nouns", "French terms suffixed with -ment (nominal)", "French terms with IPA pronunciation", "French uncountable nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "refouler", "3": "-ment<id:nominal>" }, "expansion": "refouler + -ment", "name": "af" } ], "etymology_text": "From refouler + -ment.", "forms": [ { "form": "refoulements", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "-", "3": "+" }, "expansion": "refoulement m (usually uncountable, plural refoulements)", "name": "fr-noun" } ], "lang": "French", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "fr:Aviation" ], "glosses": [ "push back (air pushing back on an airframe)" ], "links": [ [ "aviation", "aviation" ], [ "push back", "push back" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(aviation) push back (air pushing back on an airframe)" ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable", "usually" ], "topics": [ "aeronautics", "aerospace", "aviation", "business", "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences" ] }, { "glosses": [ "psychological repression" ], "links": [ [ "repression", "repression" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable", "usually" ] }, { "glosses": [ "in refugee law, the term for a country returning a refugee or refugee claimant to the country of origin or to danger; refoulment" ], "links": [ [ "refugee", "refugee" ], [ "refoulment", "refoulment" ] ], "qualifier": "refugee law", "raw_glosses": [ "(refugee law) in refugee law, the term for a country returning a refugee or refugee claimant to the country of origin or to danger; refoulment" ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable", "usually" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ʁə.ful.mɑ̃/" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav.ogg" } ], "wikipedia": [ "fr:refoulement" ], "word": "refoulement" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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