"refoulement" meaning in All languages combined

See refoulement on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ɹəˈfuːlmɒ̃/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ɹəˌfulˈmɑn/ [General-American] Forms: refoulements [plural], refoulment [alternative]
Rhymes: (GA pronunciation) -ɒn Etymology: Borrowed from French refoulement (“act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees”), from refouler (“to cause to flow or turn back; to repress, suppress; to repulse; to trample on again”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + fouler (“to impress, stamp; to trample, walk on; to mistreat, oppress”) (ultimately from Medieval Latin fullare (“to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full”), from Latin fullō (“one who fulls cloth, fuller”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell”)) + -ment (suffix forming nouns from verbs, usually denoting resulting actions or states). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*bʰleh₃-}}, {{bor|en|fr|refoulement|t=act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees}} French refoulement (“act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees”), {{der|en|ML.|fullare|t=to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full}} Medieval Latin fullare (“to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full”), {{der|en|la|fullō|t=one who fulls cloth, fuller}} Latin fullō (“one who fulls cloth, fuller”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*bʰleh₃-|t=to blow; to inflate, swell}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell”), {{glossary|suffix}} suffix, {{glossary|noun}} noun, {{glossary|verb}} verb Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} refoulement (countable and uncountable, plural refoulements)
  1. (international law)
    (uncountable) The involuntary sending of refugees or asylum seekers to their country of origin or another one, where they are likely to face persecution and harm.
    Tags: uncountable Translations (involuntary sending): palauttaminen vaaralliselle alueelle (Finnish), refoulement [masculine] (French), Zurückweisung unter Zwang [feminine] (German), Zwangsabschiebung [feminine] (German), Zwangsdeportation [feminine] (German), Ausschaffung [feminine] (German)
    Sense id: en-refoulement-en-noun-cJoC6O~W Categories (other): International law, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ment, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 64 12 11 13 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ment: 61 14 13 13 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 65 12 11 12 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 36 5 4 5 38 2 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 39 3 3 3 40 1 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 68 10 12 10 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 66 12 11 11 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 68 10 12 10 Disambiguation of 'involuntary sending': 84 5 7 4
  2. (international law)
    (countable) An instance thereof.
    Tags: countable
    Sense id: en-refoulement-en-noun-Ca-uWJyC Categories (other): International law
  3. (archaic)
    (uncountable) The forced relocation of a group of people.
    Tags: archaic, uncountable Translations (forced relocation): pakkosiirto (Finnish), Zwangsumsiedlung [feminine] (German), Vertreibung [feminine] (German)
    Sense id: en-refoulement-en-noun-zRWC454J Disambiguation of 'forced relocation': 5 8 57 30
  4. (archaic)
    (countable) An instance of that relocation.
    Tags: archaic, countable
    Sense id: en-refoulement-en-noun-eHqNwTAN

Noun [French]

IPA: /ʁə.ful.mɑ̃/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav Forms: refoulements [plural]
Etymology: From refouler + -ment. Etymology templates: {{af|fr|refouler|-ment<id:nominal>}} refouler + -ment Head templates: {{fr-noun|m|-|+}} refoulement m (usually uncountable, plural refoulements)
  1. (aviation) push back (air pushing back on an airframe) Tags: masculine, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-refoulement-fr-noun-e43hJc07 Categories (other): Aviation, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, French entries with incorrect language header, French terms suffixed with -ment (nominal) Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 36 5 4 5 38 2 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 39 3 3 3 40 1 12 Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 70 4 26 Disambiguation of French terms suffixed with -ment (nominal): 56 8 36 Topics: aeronautics, aerospace, aviation, business, engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
  2. psychological repression Tags: masculine, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-refoulement-fr-noun-iFpzmvNR
  3. (refugee law) in refugee law, the term for a country returning a refugee or refugee claimant to the country of origin or to danger; refoulment Tags: masculine, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-refoulement-fr-noun-wrZfFo0U Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 36 5 4 5 38 2 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 39 3 3 3 40 1 12

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

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          "_dis1": "5 8 57 30",
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          "word": "pakkosiirto"
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    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French refoulement (“act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees”), from refouler (“to cause to flow or turn back; to repress, suppress; to repulse; to trample on again”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + fouler (“to impress, stamp; to trample, walk on; to mistreat, oppress”) (ultimately from Medieval Latin fullare (“to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full”), from Latin fullō (“one who fulls cloth, fuller”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell”)) + -ment (suffix forming nouns from verbs, usually denoting resulting actions or states).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "refoulements",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "refoulment",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "refoulement (countable and uncountable, plural refoulements)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "re‧foule‧ment"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "non-refoulement"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:International law"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              72,
              83
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2020 August 26, Gabriel Ewepu-Abuja, “AYM [Afrika Youth Movement] receives UNESCO’s Support to Create Awareness on Migration, COVID-19 in Nigeria, 7 Others”, in Vanguard, Lagos, Nigeria: Vanguard Media:",
          "text": "He also expressed concern that at the same time there could be cases of refoulement with asylum seekers being returned to their countries of origin, where they are at risk of persecution and in an apparent breach of international law.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The involuntary sending of refugees or asylum seekers to their country of origin or another one, where they are likely to face persecution and harm."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "international law",
          "international law"
        ],
        [
          "involuntary",
          "involuntary"
        ],
        [
          "refugee",
          "refugee"
        ],
        [
          "asylum seeker",
          "asylum seeker"
        ],
        [
          "persecution",
          "persecution"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "international law",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(international law)",
        "(uncountable) The involuntary sending of refugees or asylum seekers to their country of origin or another one, where they are likely to face persecution and harm."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "non-refoulement"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:International law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An instance thereof."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "international law",
          "international law"
        ],
        [
          "instance",
          "instance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "thereof",
          "thereof"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "international law",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(international law)",
        "(countable) An instance thereof."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The forced relocation of a group of people."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "forced",
          "forced#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "relocation",
          "relocation"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic)",
        "(uncountable) The forced relocation of a group of people."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An instance of that relocation."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic)",
        "(countable) An instance of that relocation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˈfuːlmɒ̃/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹəˌfulˈmɑn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(GA pronunciation) -ɒn"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "involuntary sending",
      "word": "palauttaminen vaaralliselle alueelle"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "involuntary sending",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "refoulement"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "involuntary sending",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Zurückweisung unter Zwang"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "involuntary sending",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Zwangsabschiebung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "involuntary sending",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Zwangsdeportation"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "involuntary sending",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Ausschaffung"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "forced relocation",
      "word": "pakkosiirto"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "forced relocation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Zwangsumsiedlung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "forced relocation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Vertreibung"
    }
  ],
  "word": "refoulement"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "non-refoulement"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "French 3-syllable words",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French masculine nouns",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms suffixed with -ment (nominal)",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French uncountable nouns",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "refouler",
        "3": "-ment<id:nominal>"
      },
      "expansion": "refouler + -ment",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From refouler + -ment.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "refoulements",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "-",
        "3": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "refoulement m (usually uncountable, plural refoulements)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "fr:Aviation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "push back (air pushing back on an airframe)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aviation",
          "aviation"
        ],
        [
          "push back",
          "push back"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(aviation) push back (air pushing back on an airframe)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "aeronautics",
        "aerospace",
        "aviation",
        "business",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "psychological repression"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "repression",
          "repression"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in refugee law, the term for a country returning a refugee or refugee claimant to the country of origin or to danger; refoulment"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "refugee",
          "refugee"
        ],
        [
          "refoulment",
          "refoulment"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "refugee law",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(refugee law) in refugee law, the term for a country returning a refugee or refugee claimant to the country of origin or to danger; refoulment"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʁə.ful.mɑ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-refoulement.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "fr:refoulement"
  ],
  "word": "refoulement"
}

Download raw JSONL data for refoulement meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (9a214a4 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.