See raffish on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "raff",
"3": "-ish",
"gloss1": "persons among the lowest class in society"
},
"expansion": "raff (“persons among the lowest class in society”) + -ish",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "raffer",
"t": "to wear away"
},
"expansion": "Old French raffer (“to wear away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raffen"
},
"expansion": "German raffen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From late 18th century raff (“persons among the lowest class in society”) + -ish, still retained in contemporary English with riffraff. From Old French raffer (“to wear away”), of Germanic origin. Compare German raffen. Compare rip (“to tear”), rap (“to snatch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more raffish",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most raffish",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "raffish (comparative more raffish, superlative most raffish)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "riffraff"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 May 4, Ruth La Ferla, “On That Bombshell Billie Eilish Cover for British Vogue”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "Billie Eilish wants you to know she is in charge, brash and self-assured enough to scrap the raffish image that helped garner her a world of fans in favor of something a little more … adult.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Jennifer Egan, “i, the Protagonist”, in The Candy House:",
"text": "The smokers' most raffish outsider, Comstock, appeared to do nothing but smoke; Chris had never seen him inside the building.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characterized by careless unconventionality; rakish."
],
"id": "en-raffish-en-adj-HKcCP5vw",
"links": [
[
"careless",
"careless"
],
[
"unconventionality",
"unconventionality"
],
[
"rakish",
"rakish"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razpasan",
"sense": "characterized by careless unconventionality — see also rakish",
"word": "разпасан"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "characterized by careless unconventionality — see also rakish",
"word": "verwegen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1891 February–December, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter XV, in In the South Seas […], New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 1896, →OCLC:",
"text": "I had met the man before this in the village, and detested him on sight; there was something indescribably raffish in his looks and ways that raised my gorge; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1914, Joseph Conrad, “The Governess”, in Chance, London: Methuen, →OCLC:",
"text": "He bowed cordially to the lady in charge of Miss de Barral’s education, whom he saw in the hall engaged in conversation with a very good-looking but somewhat raffish young gentleman.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1919, Anthony Hope, chapter VII, in The Secret of the Tower:",
"text": "He wore a neat dark overcoat, brown shoes, and a bowler hat rather on one side; his appearance was, in fact, genteel, though his air was a trifle raffish.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1951 February 11, Gladwin Hill, “Atomic Boom Town In the Desert”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "Altogether the city [Las Vegas] is one of the most amiably raffish communities in the nation—an assembly of glittering chrome and flaming colors by day, a flowering jungle of glowing neon and flashing lights by night.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Low-class; disreputable; vulgar."
],
"id": "en-raffish-en-adj-7nWetbL3",
"links": [
[
"Low-class",
"low-class"
],
[
"disreputable",
"disreputable"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæfɪʃ/"
},
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-raffish.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-raffish.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-raffish.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "raffish"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms suffixed with -ish",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
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],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "raff",
"3": "-ish",
"gloss1": "persons among the lowest class in society"
},
"expansion": "raff (“persons among the lowest class in society”) + -ish",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "raffer",
"t": "to wear away"
},
"expansion": "Old French raffer (“to wear away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raffen"
},
"expansion": "German raffen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From late 18th century raff (“persons among the lowest class in society”) + -ish, still retained in contemporary English with riffraff. From Old French raffer (“to wear away”), of Germanic origin. Compare German raffen. Compare rip (“to tear”), rap (“to snatch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more raffish",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most raffish",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "raffish (comparative more raffish, superlative most raffish)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "riffraff"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 May 4, Ruth La Ferla, “On That Bombshell Billie Eilish Cover for British Vogue”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "Billie Eilish wants you to know she is in charge, brash and self-assured enough to scrap the raffish image that helped garner her a world of fans in favor of something a little more … adult.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Jennifer Egan, “i, the Protagonist”, in The Candy House:",
"text": "The smokers' most raffish outsider, Comstock, appeared to do nothing but smoke; Chris had never seen him inside the building.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characterized by careless unconventionality; rakish."
],
"links": [
[
"careless",
"careless"
],
[
"unconventionality",
"unconventionality"
],
[
"rakish",
"rakish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1891 February–December, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter XV, in In the South Seas […], New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 1896, →OCLC:",
"text": "I had met the man before this in the village, and detested him on sight; there was something indescribably raffish in his looks and ways that raised my gorge; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1914, Joseph Conrad, “The Governess”, in Chance, London: Methuen, →OCLC:",
"text": "He bowed cordially to the lady in charge of Miss de Barral’s education, whom he saw in the hall engaged in conversation with a very good-looking but somewhat raffish young gentleman.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1919, Anthony Hope, chapter VII, in The Secret of the Tower:",
"text": "He wore a neat dark overcoat, brown shoes, and a bowler hat rather on one side; his appearance was, in fact, genteel, though his air was a trifle raffish.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1951 February 11, Gladwin Hill, “Atomic Boom Town In the Desert”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "Altogether the city [Las Vegas] is one of the most amiably raffish communities in the nation—an assembly of glittering chrome and flaming colors by day, a flowering jungle of glowing neon and flashing lights by night.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Low-class; disreputable; vulgar."
],
"links": [
[
"Low-class",
"low-class"
],
[
"disreputable",
"disreputable"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæfɪʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-raffish.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-raffish.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-raffish.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razpasan",
"sense": "characterized by careless unconventionality — see also rakish",
"word": "разпасан"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "characterized by careless unconventionality — see also rakish",
"word": "verwegen"
}
],
"word": "raffish"
}
Download raw JSONL data for raffish meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.