See pulkstenis on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "modinātājpulkstenis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "modinātāja pulkstenis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "puls",
"4": "",
"5": "hit, blow, touch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German puls (“hit, blow, touch”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are various theories about the origin of this word, originally meaning “church bell.” The most likely to be true derives it from an unattested verb *pulsēt (“to produce sound”) (compare archaic pulstens, dialectal pulstenis (“bell”), pulkstiens (“bell sound, toll”)) > *pulksēt with an epenthetic k and the nominalizing suffix -enis. Other suggestions include deriving pulkstenis from pulks (“regiment, military unit”) and stenēt (“to groan, to make noise”) (i.e., the regiment's noisy one); from borrowed terms, Middle Low German puls (“hit, blow, touch”) and stēn (“stone”); from an old verb pult meaning “to fall” (since that which strikes a bell “falls” on it); from a compound of puls- and sitiens, sitenis “blow”, with an intrusive k. The word was already mentioned in a 1585 catechism (as stundu pulksten(is), “hour bell,” i.e., “clock”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2nd declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pulkstenis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulkstenim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulkstenī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pulkstenis m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "2nd"
},
"expansion": "pulkstenis m (2nd declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pulkste",
"2": "is",
"3": "2nd",
"4": "",
"5": "n",
"6": "ņ",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pulkste",
"2": "is",
"4": "",
"5": "n",
"6": "ņ",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pulkstenis",
"10": "pulksteņiem",
"11": "pulkstenī",
"12": "pulksteņos",
"13": "pulksteni",
"14": "pulksteņi",
"2": "pulksteņi",
"3": "pulksteni",
"4": "pulksteņus",
"5": "pulksteņa",
"6": "pulksteņu",
"7": "pulkstenim",
"8": "pulksteņiem",
"9": "pulksteni",
"type": "2nd declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pulksten"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian terms suffixed with -enis",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Clocks",
"orig": "lv:Clocks",
"parents": [
"Machines",
"Timekeeping",
"Technology",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "mechanical, electronic clock",
"text": "mehāniskais, elektroniskais pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "silver, golden watch",
"text": "sudraba, zelta pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the clock is ticking",
"text": "pulkstenis tikšķ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the hands of a clock",
"text": "pulksteņa rādītāji",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "clock pendulum",
"text": "pulksteņa svārsts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to fix the clock",
"text": "labot pulksteni",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wrist (lit. arm) watch",
"text": "rokas pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "pocket watch",
"text": "kabatas pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "table, wall, tower clock",
"text": "galda, sienas, torņa pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "alarm clock",
"text": "modinātāja pulkstenis, modinātājpulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sun clock",
"text": "saules pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hourglass (lit. sand clock)",
"text": "smilšu pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "biological clock",
"text": "biloģiskais pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the clock is fast",
"text": "pulkstenis ir ātrs, iet par ātru",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the clock is fast",
"text": "pulkstenis iet priekšā, ir priekšā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the clock is late",
"text": "pulkstenis ir vēls, iet par lēnu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clock, watch (instrument to measure time)"
],
"id": "en-pulkstenis-lv-noun-mVSBRKhK",
"links": [
[
"clock",
"clock"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
],
[
"measure",
"measure#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "obsolete terms",
"word": "stundenis"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "it is four o'clock",
"text": "pulkstenis ir četri",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "it wasn't half past six yet",
"text": "pulkstenis vēl nebija pusseptiņi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "what time is it?",
"text": "cik ir pulkstenis?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the time"
],
"id": "en-pulkstenis-lv-noun-7kM38R~c",
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pùlkstɛnis]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stundenieks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "pulkstens"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:pulkstenis"
],
"word": "pulkstenis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian second declension nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Latvian terms suffixed with -enis",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with falling intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Clocks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "modinātājpulkstenis"
},
{
"word": "modinātāja pulkstenis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "puls",
"4": "",
"5": "hit, blow, touch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German puls (“hit, blow, touch”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are various theories about the origin of this word, originally meaning “church bell.” The most likely to be true derives it from an unattested verb *pulsēt (“to produce sound”) (compare archaic pulstens, dialectal pulstenis (“bell”), pulkstiens (“bell sound, toll”)) > *pulksēt with an epenthetic k and the nominalizing suffix -enis. Other suggestions include deriving pulkstenis from pulks (“regiment, military unit”) and stenēt (“to groan, to make noise”) (i.e., the regiment's noisy one); from borrowed terms, Middle Low German puls (“hit, blow, touch”) and stēn (“stone”); from an old verb pult meaning “to fall” (since that which strikes a bell “falls” on it); from a compound of puls- and sitiens, sitenis “blow”, with an intrusive k. The word was already mentioned in a 1585 catechism (as stundu pulksten(is), “hour bell,” i.e., “clock”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2nd declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pulkstenis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulkstenim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulkstenī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pulksteņi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pulkstenis m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "2nd"
},
"expansion": "pulkstenis m (2nd declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pulkste",
"2": "is",
"3": "2nd",
"4": "",
"5": "n",
"6": "ņ",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pulkste",
"2": "is",
"4": "",
"5": "n",
"6": "ņ",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pulkstenis",
"10": "pulksteņiem",
"11": "pulkstenī",
"12": "pulksteņos",
"13": "pulksteni",
"14": "pulksteņi",
"2": "pulksteņi",
"3": "pulksteni",
"4": "pulksteņus",
"5": "pulksteņa",
"6": "pulksteņu",
"7": "pulkstenim",
"8": "pulksteņiem",
"9": "pulksteni",
"type": "2nd declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pulksten"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "mechanical, electronic clock",
"text": "mehāniskais, elektroniskais pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "silver, golden watch",
"text": "sudraba, zelta pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the clock is ticking",
"text": "pulkstenis tikšķ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the hands of a clock",
"text": "pulksteņa rādītāji",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "clock pendulum",
"text": "pulksteņa svārsts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to fix the clock",
"text": "labot pulksteni",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wrist (lit. arm) watch",
"text": "rokas pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "pocket watch",
"text": "kabatas pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "table, wall, tower clock",
"text": "galda, sienas, torņa pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "alarm clock",
"text": "modinātāja pulkstenis, modinātājpulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sun clock",
"text": "saules pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hourglass (lit. sand clock)",
"text": "smilšu pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "biological clock",
"text": "biloģiskais pulkstenis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the clock is fast",
"text": "pulkstenis ir ātrs, iet par ātru",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the clock is fast",
"text": "pulkstenis iet priekšā, ir priekšā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the clock is late",
"text": "pulkstenis ir vēls, iet par lēnu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clock, watch (instrument to measure time)"
],
"links": [
[
"clock",
"clock"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
],
[
"measure",
"measure#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "it is four o'clock",
"text": "pulkstenis ir četri",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "it wasn't half past six yet",
"text": "pulkstenis vēl nebija pusseptiņi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "what time is it?",
"text": "cik ir pulkstenis?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the time"
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pùlkstɛnis]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "obsolete terms",
"word": "stundenis"
},
{
"word": "stundenieks"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "pulkstens"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:pulkstenis"
],
"word": "pulkstenis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pulkstenis meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.