See productus on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "productum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "producte"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: producte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: producte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "product"
},
"expansion": "English: product",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: product"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "produit"
},
"expansion": "French: produit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: produit"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "prodot"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: prodot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: prodot"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "produto"
},
"expansion": "Galician: produto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: produto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prodotto"
},
"expansion": "Italian: prodotto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: prodotto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "produto"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: produto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: produto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pruduttu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pruduttu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pruduttu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "producto"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: producto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: producto"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perfect passive participle of prōdūcō (“bring forward”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prōductus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prōductus"
},
"expansion": "prōductus (feminine prōducta, neuter prōductum); first/second-declension participle",
"name": "la-part"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prōductus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prōductiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prōductīvus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 1 5 5 34 6 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 2 3 4 36 3 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 1 2 3 37 2 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brought forth, forward or out, having been brought forward"
],
"id": "en-productus-la-verb-etx-b-eW",
"links": [
[
"brought",
"brought"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lengthened, extended, protracted, prolonged, having been extended"
],
"id": "en-productus-la-verb-y4H4OPTX",
"links": [
[
"lengthened",
"lengthened"
],
[
"extended",
"extended"
],
[
"protracted",
"protracted"
],
[
"prolonged",
"prolonged"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disclosed, exposed, having been exposed"
],
"id": "en-productus-la-verb-yx78Futt",
"links": [
[
"disclosed",
"disclosed"
],
[
"exposed",
"exposed"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"advanced, drawn out, having been advanced"
],
"id": "en-productus-la-verb-F9kAanMQ",
"links": [
[
"advanced",
"advanced"
],
[
"drawn out",
"drawn out"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 1 5 5 34 6 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 2 3 4 36 3 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 1 2 3 37 2 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brought up, reared, educated, having been brought up"
],
"id": "en-productus-la-verb-i~bZfX3x",
"links": [
[
"brought up",
"brought up"
],
[
"reared",
"reared"
],
[
"educated",
"educated"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "la:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lengthened, prolonged, long, having been lengthened"
],
"id": "en-productus-la-verb-ZwQaKojs",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"prolonged",
"prolonged"
],
[
"long",
"long"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar, of pronunciation) lengthened, prolonged, long, having been lengthened"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of pronunciation"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 1 5 5 34 6 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 2 3 4 36 3 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 1 2 3 37 2 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"invented, devised, produced, having been invented"
],
"id": "en-productus-la-verb-HjHrsU8p",
"links": [
[
"invented",
"invented"
],
[
"devised",
"devised"
],
[
"produced",
"produced"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) invented, devised, produced, having been invented"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enticed, having been enticed"
],
"id": "en-productus-la-verb-wPQpNDkN",
"links": [
[
"enticed",
"enticed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) enticed, having been enticed"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prolonged, protracted, long, lengthy, having been prolonged"
],
"id": "en-productus-la-verb-L1HU71it",
"links": [
[
"lengthy",
"lengthy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) prolonged, protracted, long, lengthy, having been prolonged"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
}
],
"word": "productus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension participles",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participles",
"Latin perfect participles",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "productum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "producte"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: producte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: producte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "product"
},
"expansion": "English: product",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: product"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "produit"
},
"expansion": "French: produit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: produit"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "prodot"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: prodot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: prodot"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "produto"
},
"expansion": "Galician: produto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: produto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prodotto"
},
"expansion": "Italian: prodotto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: prodotto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "produto"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: produto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: produto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pruduttu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pruduttu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pruduttu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "producto"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: producto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: producto"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perfect passive participle of prōdūcō (“bring forward”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prōductus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prōductae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prōducta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prōductus"
},
"expansion": "prōductus (feminine prōducta, neuter prōductum); first/second-declension participle",
"name": "la-part"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prōductus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "prōductiō"
},
{
"word": "prōductīvus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brought forth, forward or out, having been brought forward"
],
"links": [
[
"brought",
"brought"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lengthened, extended, protracted, prolonged, having been extended"
],
"links": [
[
"lengthened",
"lengthened"
],
[
"extended",
"extended"
],
[
"protracted",
"protracted"
],
[
"prolonged",
"prolonged"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disclosed, exposed, having been exposed"
],
"links": [
[
"disclosed",
"disclosed"
],
[
"exposed",
"exposed"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"advanced, drawn out, having been advanced"
],
"links": [
[
"advanced",
"advanced"
],
[
"drawn out",
"drawn out"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brought up, reared, educated, having been brought up"
],
"links": [
[
"brought up",
"brought up"
],
[
"reared",
"reared"
],
[
"educated",
"educated"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Grammar"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lengthened, prolonged, long, having been lengthened"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"prolonged",
"prolonged"
],
[
"long",
"long"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar, of pronunciation) lengthened, prolonged, long, having been lengthened"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of pronunciation"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"invented, devised, produced, having been invented"
],
"links": [
[
"invented",
"invented"
],
[
"devised",
"devised"
],
[
"produced",
"produced"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) invented, devised, produced, having been invented"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enticed, having been enticed"
],
"links": [
[
"enticed",
"enticed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) enticed, having been enticed"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bring forward",
"word": "prōdūcō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prolonged, protracted, long, lengthy, having been prolonged"
],
"links": [
[
"lengthy",
"lengthy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) prolonged, protracted, long, lengthy, having been prolonged"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"form-of",
"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
}
],
"word": "productus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for productus meaning in All languages combined (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.