See privatization on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nationalization"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "self-privatization"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined by Sidney Merlin in 1943, who was aware of the term reprivatization, already attested at the time.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "privatizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "privatization (countable and uncountable, plural privatizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "privatize"
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: denationalization"
},
{
"ref": "1943, Sidney Merlin, “Trends in German Economic Control Since 1933”, in Quarterly Journal of Economics, page 207:",
"text": "The party, moreover, facilitates the accumulation of private fortunes and industrial empires by its foremost members and collaborators through ‘privatization’ and other measures, thereby intensifying centralization of economic affairs and government in an increasingly narrow group that may for all practical purposes be termed the national socialist elite.",
"type": "quote"
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],
"glosses": [
"The transfer of a company or organization from government to private ownership and control."
],
"id": "en-privatization-en-noun-T-pFKWPL",
"links": [
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[
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[
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],
[
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[
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{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵaṣḵaṣa",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "خَصْخَصَة"
},
{
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"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵawṣaṣa",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "خَوْصَصَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sepʻakanašnorhum",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "սեփականաշնորհում"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "masnavorecʻum",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "մասնավորեցում"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatización"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "özəlləşdirmə"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pryvatyzácyja",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прыватыза́цыя"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "privatizácija",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "приватиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatització"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "sīyǒuhuà",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "私有化"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "民營化"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mínyínghuà",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "民营化"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizace"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "erastamine"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "yksityistäminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatización"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrivaṭizeba",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "პრივატიზება"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Privatisierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "idiotikopoíisi",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "ιδιωτικοποίηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hafratá",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "הפרטה"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nijīkraṇ",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निजीकरण"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "privatizáció"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "einkavæðing"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizzazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shieika",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "私営化"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "min'eika",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "民営化"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jekeşelendıru",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "жекешелендіру"
},
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"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "民營化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "minyeonghwa",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "민영화"
},
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"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizācija"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "privatizacija",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "приватизација"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "svakāryavatkaraṇaṁ",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "സ്വകാര്യവത്കരണം"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "khāj̈gīkaraṇ",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "खाजगीकरण"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizacion"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xosusi-sâzi",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "خصوصیسازی"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prywatyzacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatização"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizare"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privatizácija",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "приватиза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "приватиза́ција"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
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"word": "privatizácija"
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{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizácia"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatización"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "ubinafsishaji"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "privatisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "özelleştirme"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryvatyzácija",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "приватиза́ція"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "privatizatsiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "tư nhân hóa"
}
]
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"glosses": [
"The rendering of a thought or an idea, as private in scope."
],
"id": "en-privatization-en-noun-S6oarWd8",
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[
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[
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],
[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) The rendering of a thought or an idea, as private in scope."
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "privatisation"
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],
"word": "privatization"
}
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"derived": [
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"word": "self-privatization"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined by Sidney Merlin in 1943, who was aware of the term reprivatization, already attested at the time.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "privatizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "privatization (countable and uncountable, plural privatizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "privatize"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: denationalization"
},
{
"ref": "1943, Sidney Merlin, “Trends in German Economic Control Since 1933”, in Quarterly Journal of Economics, page 207:",
"text": "The party, moreover, facilitates the accumulation of private fortunes and industrial empires by its foremost members and collaborators through ‘privatization’ and other measures, thereby intensifying centralization of economic affairs and government in an increasingly narrow group that may for all practical purposes be termed the national socialist elite.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The transfer of a company or organization from government to private ownership and control."
],
"links": [
[
"transfer",
"transfer"
],
[
"company",
"company"
],
[
"organization",
"organization"
],
[
"government",
"government"
],
[
"private",
"private"
],
[
"ownership",
"ownership"
],
[
"control",
"control"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The rendering of a thought or an idea, as private in scope."
],
"links": [
[
"rendering",
"rendering"
],
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"private",
"private"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) The rendering of a thought or an idea, as private in scope."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncommon",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "privatisation"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵaṣḵaṣa",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "خَصْخَصَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵawṣaṣa",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "خَوْصَصَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sepʻakanašnorhum",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "սեփականաշնորհում"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "masnavorecʻum",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "մասնավորեցում"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatización"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "özəlləşdirmə"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pryvatyzácyja",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прыватыза́цыя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "privatizácija",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "приватиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "sīyǒuhuà",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "私有化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "民營化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mínyínghuà",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "民营化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizace"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatisering"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "erastamine"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "yksityistäminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatisation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatización"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrivaṭizeba",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "პრივატიზება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Privatisierung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "idiotikopoíisi",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "ιδιωτικοποίηση"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hafratá",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "הפרטה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nijīkraṇ",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निजीकरण"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "privatizáció"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "einkavæðing"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizzazione"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shieika",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "私営化"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "min'eika",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "民営化"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jekeşelendıru",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "жекешелендіру"
},
{
"alt": "民營化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "minyeonghwa",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "민영화"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizācija"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizacija"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "privatizacija",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "приватизација"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "svakāryavatkaraṇaṁ",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "സ്വകാര്യവത്കരണം"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "khāj̈gīkaraṇ",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "खाजगीकरण"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizacion"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xosusi-sâzi",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "خصوصیسازی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prywatyzacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privatizácija",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "приватиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "приватиза́ција"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizácija"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizácia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatizacija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "privatización"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "ubinafsishaji"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "privatisering"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "özelleştirme"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryvatyzácija",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "приватиза́ція"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "privatizatsiya"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "transfer from the government to private ownership",
"word": "tư nhân hóa"
}
],
"word": "privatization"
}
Download raw JSONL data for privatization meaning in All languages combined (11.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.