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{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powoływać do życia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "powołać do życia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powołać",
"3": "-ywać"
},
"expansion": "powołać + -ywać",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From powołać + -ywać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "powołać",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-uję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "powołuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powołuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powołują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powołuje się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powołuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powołuj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powołuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powołują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołująca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powołując",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "powołać"
},
"expansion": "powoływać impf (perfective powołać)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧wo‧ły‧wać"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "powoł",
"2": "pp",
"alt": "y"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-uję"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "powoływać",
"2": "powołuję",
"3": "powołuje",
"4": "powołują",
"5": "powoływa",
"6": "powoływa",
"7": "powoływa",
"8": "powołuj",
"ip": "powoływano",
"pp": "powoływan",
"pp2": "powoływani",
"vn": "powoływanie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ywać",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Meanwhile, the council (or provincial legislature) appoints the members of the administration.",
"ref": "2015 March 10, Leszek Jaworski, “Kto i kiedy odwołuje starostę”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"text": "Członków zarządu powołuje natomiast rada (sejmik).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 April 15, “Sejm wybrał nowego Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"roman": "During Thursday's deliberation, the Sejm appointed the PiS deputy Bartłomiej Wróblewski to the office of Ombudsman.",
"text": "Podczas czwartkowych obrad Sejm powołał posła PiS Bartłomieja Wróblewskiego na urząd Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to appoint, to name"
],
"id": "en-powoływać-pl-verb-m2DND5rM",
"links": [
[
"appoint",
"appoint"
],
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to appoint, to name"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ywać",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "...by suffering you gain praise, ... while by death [you gain] divine-personhood, which God the Son incarnate opened to us, and to which he called all Christians.",
"ref": "1857, B. F. Trentowski, “Dydaktyka”, in Jan ze Śliwina, editor, Teka Wileńska, number 1, Teofil Glücksberg, page 100",
"text": "...cierpieniem zyskuje się chwałę, ... śmiercią zaś Bożo-człowieczeństwo, które otworzył nam Bóg Syn wcielony, a do którego powołał Chrześcijan wszystkich.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Hugo called all his vassals \"from the Marne to the Garonne\" to war, but only 6,000 warriors appeared.",
"ref": "1911, Tadeusz Korzon, Historya wieków średnich, 3rd edition, page 144",
"text": "Hugo powołał na wojnę wszystkich wasali \"od Marny do Garonny,\" ale stawiło się tylko 6,000 wojowników.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "At the same time, we know that millions of peasants ... do allow themselves to be drafted into the military and march obediently toward the front, but you can't see any enthusiasm in them.",
"ref": "2014, Maciej Górny, Włodzimierz Borodziej, Nasza wojna, volume 1, Wydawnictwo W.A.B., archived from the original on 2022-07-28, page 34",
"text": "Jednocześnie wiemy, że miliony chłopów ... dają się, owszem, powołać do wojska i posłusznie maszerują na front, ale nie widać po nich entuzjazmu.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "ONR [a far-right political group] is calling up its National Brigades for the defense of churches.",
"ref": "2020 October 28, Artur Bartkiewicz, “ONR powołuje Brygady Narodowe do obrony kościołów”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"text": "ONR powołuje Brygady Narodowe do obrony kościołów",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to conscript, to draft, to call up"
],
"id": "en-powoływać-pl-verb-4Lnalxda",
"links": [
[
"conscript",
"conscript"
],
[
"draft",
"draft"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, usually with a prepositional phrase) to conscript, to draft, to call up"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with a prepositional phrase"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 27 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ywać",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They cited Freud; they threw off societal taboos and cultural norms.",
"ref": "2011 November 8, Monika Małkowska, “Stare skandale wciąż bulwersują”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"text": "Powoływali się na Freuda, odrzucali społeczne tabu i normy kulturowe.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "They cited their influence in the courts and they received benefits in property.",
"ref": "2017 December 11, “Powoływali się na wpływy w sądach i przyjmowali korzyści majątkowe”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"text": "Powoływali się na wpływy w sądach i przyjmowali korzyści majątkowe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Other \"thinkers\" cited more worldly arguments.",
"ref": "2021 December 2, Zofia Brzezińska, “Pociąg do wolności”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2021-12-04",
"text": "Inni „myśliciele\" powoływali się na bardziej świeckie argumenty.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Lawyers from the ministry of culture also tried to get the pouch. They cited the instructions of a law on abandoned and formerly German property from 1946.",
"ref": "2022 January 12, Marek Kozubal, “Taszka króla wraca do Kórnika”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"text": "O taszkę starali się też prawnicy ministerstwa kultury. Powoływali się na przepisy prawa z 1946 r. o majątkach opuszczonych i poniemieckich.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cite, to invoke [+ na (accusative) = something]",
"to cite, to invoke"
],
"id": "en-powoływać-pl-verb-SLyNQNIq",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"cite",
"cite"
],
[
"invoke",
"invoke"
],
[
"na",
"na#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to cite, to invoke [+ na (accusative) = something]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "świadczyć się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.vɔˈwɨ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "powoływać"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 4-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ywać",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɨvat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɨvat͡ɕ/4 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "powoływać do życia"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "powołać do życia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powołać",
"3": "-ywać"
},
"expansion": "powołać + -ywać",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From powołać + -ywać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "powołać",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-uję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "powołuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powołuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powołują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powołuje się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą powoływać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie powoływać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powoływał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powoływała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powoływało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by powoływali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by powoływały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powołuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powołuj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powołuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech powołują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołująca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powołujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "powołując",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "powoływanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "powołać"
},
"expansion": "powoływać impf (perfective powołać)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧wo‧ły‧wać"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "powoł",
"2": "pp",
"alt": "y"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-uję"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "powoływać",
"2": "powołuję",
"3": "powołuje",
"4": "powołują",
"5": "powoływa",
"6": "powoływa",
"7": "powoływa",
"8": "powołuj",
"ip": "powoływano",
"pp": "powoływan",
"pp2": "powoływani",
"vn": "powoływanie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Meanwhile, the council (or provincial legislature) appoints the members of the administration.",
"ref": "2015 March 10, Leszek Jaworski, “Kto i kiedy odwołuje starostę”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"text": "Członków zarządu powołuje natomiast rada (sejmik).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 April 15, “Sejm wybrał nowego Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"roman": "During Thursday's deliberation, the Sejm appointed the PiS deputy Bartłomiej Wróblewski to the office of Ombudsman.",
"text": "Podczas czwartkowych obrad Sejm powołał posła PiS Bartłomieja Wróblewskiego na urząd Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to appoint, to name"
],
"links": [
[
"appoint",
"appoint"
],
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to appoint, to name"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "...by suffering you gain praise, ... while by death [you gain] divine-personhood, which God the Son incarnate opened to us, and to which he called all Christians.",
"ref": "1857, B. F. Trentowski, “Dydaktyka”, in Jan ze Śliwina, editor, Teka Wileńska, number 1, Teofil Glücksberg, page 100",
"text": "...cierpieniem zyskuje się chwałę, ... śmiercią zaś Bożo-człowieczeństwo, które otworzył nam Bóg Syn wcielony, a do którego powołał Chrześcijan wszystkich.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Hugo called all his vassals \"from the Marne to the Garonne\" to war, but only 6,000 warriors appeared.",
"ref": "1911, Tadeusz Korzon, Historya wieków średnich, 3rd edition, page 144",
"text": "Hugo powołał na wojnę wszystkich wasali \"od Marny do Garonny,\" ale stawiło się tylko 6,000 wojowników.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "At the same time, we know that millions of peasants ... do allow themselves to be drafted into the military and march obediently toward the front, but you can't see any enthusiasm in them.",
"ref": "2014, Maciej Górny, Włodzimierz Borodziej, Nasza wojna, volume 1, Wydawnictwo W.A.B., archived from the original on 2022-07-28, page 34",
"text": "Jednocześnie wiemy, że miliony chłopów ... dają się, owszem, powołać do wojska i posłusznie maszerują na front, ale nie widać po nich entuzjazmu.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "ONR [a far-right political group] is calling up its National Brigades for the defense of churches.",
"ref": "2020 October 28, Artur Bartkiewicz, “ONR powołuje Brygady Narodowe do obrony kościołów”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"text": "ONR powołuje Brygady Narodowe do obrony kościołów",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to conscript, to draft, to call up"
],
"links": [
[
"conscript",
"conscript"
],
[
"draft",
"draft"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, usually with a prepositional phrase) to conscript, to draft, to call up"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with a prepositional phrase"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs",
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They cited Freud; they threw off societal taboos and cultural norms.",
"ref": "2011 November 8, Monika Małkowska, “Stare skandale wciąż bulwersują”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"text": "Powoływali się na Freuda, odrzucali społeczne tabu i normy kulturowe.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "They cited their influence in the courts and they received benefits in property.",
"ref": "2017 December 11, “Powoływali się na wpływy w sądach i przyjmowali korzyści majątkowe”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"text": "Powoływali się na wpływy w sądach i przyjmowali korzyści majątkowe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Other \"thinkers\" cited more worldly arguments.",
"ref": "2021 December 2, Zofia Brzezińska, “Pociąg do wolności”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2021-12-04",
"text": "Inni „myśliciele\" powoływali się na bardziej świeckie argumenty.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Lawyers from the ministry of culture also tried to get the pouch. They cited the instructions of a law on abandoned and formerly German property from 1946.",
"ref": "2022 January 12, Marek Kozubal, “Taszka króla wraca do Kórnika”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2022-07-28",
"text": "O taszkę starali się też prawnicy ministerstwa kultury. Powoływali się na przepisy prawa z 1946 r. o majątkach opuszczonych i poniemieckich.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cite, to invoke [+ na (accusative) = something]",
"to cite, to invoke"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"cite",
"cite"
],
[
"invoke",
"invoke"
],
[
"na",
"na#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to cite, to invoke [+ na (accusative) = something]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "świadczyć się"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔ.vɔˈwɨ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "powoływać"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.