See populus on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "popellus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "populō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "populātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "populāris"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vōx populī"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "popul",
"3": "poplu",
"4": "pupul"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: popul, poplu, pupul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: popul, poplu, pupul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "popor"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: popor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: popor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "popolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: popolo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: popolo (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "populu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: populu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: populu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "povolo"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: povolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Emilian: povolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "povoro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: povoro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ligurian: povoro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "povol"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: povol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Piedmontese: povol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "puovolo"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: puovolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Venetan: puovolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pievel"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pievel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pievel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "poble"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: poble",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: poble"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "poplo"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: poplo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: poplo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pueple"
},
"expansion": "Old French: pueple",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: pueple (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pòble"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pòble",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pòble"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pueblu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: pueblu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: pueblu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ext",
"2": "puebru"
},
"expansion": "Extremaduran: puebru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Extremaduran: puebru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "pueblu"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: pueblu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: pueblu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "poboo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: poboo, poblo, pobro, povoo\nGalician: pobo\nPortuguese: povo\nKabuverdianu: povu\n→ Makalero: povu\n→ Mirandese: pobo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: poboo, poblo, pobro, povoo\nGalician: pobo\nPortuguese: povo\nKabuverdianu: povu\n→ Makalero: povu\n→ Mirandese: pobo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "pueblo"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: pueblo\nLadino: puevlo\nSpanish: pueblo\nPapiamentu: pueblo\n→ English: pueblo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: pueblo\nLadino: puevlo\nSpanish: pueblo\nPapiamentu: pueblo\n→ English: pueblo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "pobulu",
"3": "poburu",
"4": "populu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: pobulu, poburu, populu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: pobulu, poburu, populu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "popull"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: popull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: popull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*pobl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *pobl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *pobl (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "Pruoba"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: Pruoba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: Pruoba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "póvoa",
"3": "Póvoa"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: póvoa, Póvoa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: póvoa, Póvoa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "puebla",
"3": "Puebla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: puebla, Puebla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: puebla, Puebla"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "people"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "populus"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin populus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*poplos",
"t": "army"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Latin populus (since mid-2nd c. BC), from earlier poplus, from even earlier *poplos (attested already since early 5th c. BC), from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”), further origin unknown; perhaps from Etruscan or from the root of pleō. See also plēbs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "populī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "populus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "populī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "populī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "populōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "populō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "populīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "populum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "populōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "populō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "populīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "popule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "populī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "populus<2>"
},
"expansion": "populus m (genitive populī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "populus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pūblicus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Pūblius"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That the friendship of the Roman people ought to prove to him an ornament and a safeguard, not a detriment; and that he sought it with that expectation.",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.44",
"text": "Amicitiam populi Romani sibi ornamento et praesidio, non detrimento esse oportere, atque se hac spe petisse."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a people, nation"
],
"id": "en-populus-la-noun-DgEFm6jk",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This concern in particular troubled the mindful Romans at the time, not so much because of anger, which has never been more justified against any other city, rather because a city so noble and powerful, in the same way that it had attracted the support of a number of communities by its revolt, was thought would again turn attention back towards respect for the previous government once recaptured.",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1",
"text": "Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a community of people"
],
"id": "en-populus-la-noun-TDHnOOKy",
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A shout from the people reaches the stars",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.374",
"text": "ā populō clāmor ad astra venit"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the people, public, crowd, host, multitude"
],
"id": "en-populus-la-noun-Gezd2fGn",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"public",
"public"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"host",
"host"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a group of people"
],
"id": "en-populus-la-noun-9Ll1cStw",
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a group of people"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 58 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 34 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 9 57 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 15 15 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 65 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 79 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 29 44 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "la:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a parish, part of a city"
],
"id": "en-populus-la-noun-YR8DYSZi",
"links": [
[
"parish",
"parish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a parish, part of a city"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpo.pu.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɔpʊɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpo.pu.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɔːpulus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "populus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "See also *plōppus § Descendants."
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: poll",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pollancre",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ pollancre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: poll, ⇒ pollancre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "piobu"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: piobu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: piobu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "poblo"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: poblo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: poblo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "pôl"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: pôl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: pôl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "píbol"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: píbol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: píbol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "poplier",
"3": "popler",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: poplier, popler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: poplier, popler"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "peuplier",
"3": "poeplier"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: peuplier, poeplier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: peuplier, poeplier"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "peuplier"
},
"expansion": "French: peuplier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: peuplier"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "popelier",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: popelier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Dutch: popelier"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "populier"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: populier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: populier"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "popler",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: popler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: popler"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "poplar"
},
"expansion": "English: poplar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: poplar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pobo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pobo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pobo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "piopa"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: piopa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: piopa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "poplo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: poplo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via descendants"
},
"expansion": "(via descendants)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: poplo (via descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "poplo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: poplo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via descendants"
},
"expansion": "(via descendants)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: poplo (via descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*papulā",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *papulā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *papulā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "pōpuł",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vilamovian: pōpuł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vilamovian: pōpuł"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "poplar"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πτελέα",
"t": "elm"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πτελέα (pteléa, “elm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*topolь",
"t": "poplar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *topolь (“poplar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*po-h₂pel-o-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *po-h₂pel-o-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀπελλόν"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀπελλόν (apellón)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare Ancient Greek πτελέα (pteléa, “elm”), Proto-Slavic *topolь (“poplar”). Possibly from an Proto-Indo-European *po-h₂pel-o-, from a root *h₂pel- also found in Ancient Greek ἀπελλόν (apellón), although the initial *po- is left unexplained. It is possible that some or all of these terms were borrowed from the same substrate continuum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pōpulus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pōpulus<2>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "pōpulus f (genitive pōpulī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pōpulus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "pōpulnea"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poplar tree"
],
"id": "en-populus-la-noun-la:tree",
"links": [
[
"poplar",
"poplar"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:tree"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "*plōppus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoː.pu.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpoːpʊɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpo.pu.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɔːpulus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "populus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin heteronyms",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Etruscan",
"Latin terms derived from Old Latin",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Old Latin",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "popellus"
},
{
"word": "populō"
},
{
"word": "populātiō"
},
{
"word": "populāris"
},
{
"word": "vōx populī"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "popul",
"3": "poplu",
"4": "pupul"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: popul, poplu, pupul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: popul, poplu, pupul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "popor"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: popor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: popor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "popolo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: popolo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: popolo (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "populu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: populu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: populu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "povolo"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: povolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Emilian: povolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "povoro"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: povoro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ligurian: povoro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "povol"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: povol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Piedmontese: povol"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "puovolo"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: puovolo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Venetan: puovolo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pievel"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pievel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pievel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "poble"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: poble",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: poble"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "poplo"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: poplo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: poplo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pueple"
},
"expansion": "Old French: pueple",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: pueple (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pòble"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pòble",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pòble"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pueblu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: pueblu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: pueblu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ext",
"2": "puebru"
},
"expansion": "Extremaduran: puebru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Extremaduran: puebru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "pueblu"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: pueblu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: pueblu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "poboo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: poboo, poblo, pobro, povoo\nGalician: pobo\nPortuguese: povo\nKabuverdianu: povu\n→ Makalero: povu\n→ Mirandese: pobo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: poboo, poblo, pobro, povoo\nGalician: pobo\nPortuguese: povo\nKabuverdianu: povu\n→ Makalero: povu\n→ Mirandese: pobo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "pueblo"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: pueblo\nLadino: puevlo\nSpanish: pueblo\nPapiamentu: pueblo\n→ English: pueblo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: pueblo\nLadino: puevlo\nSpanish: pueblo\nPapiamentu: pueblo\n→ English: pueblo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "pobulu",
"3": "poburu",
"4": "populu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: pobulu, poburu, populu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: pobulu, poburu, populu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "popull"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: popull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: popull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*pobl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *pobl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *pobl (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "Pruoba"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: Pruoba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: Pruoba"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "póvoa",
"3": "Póvoa"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: póvoa, Póvoa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: póvoa, Póvoa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "puebla",
"3": "Puebla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: puebla, Puebla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: puebla, Puebla"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "people"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-ola",
"3": "populus"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin populus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*poplos",
"t": "army"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Latin populus (since mid-2nd c. BC), from earlier poplus, from even earlier *poplos (attested already since early 5th c. BC), from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”), further origin unknown; perhaps from Etruscan or from the root of pleō. See also plēbs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "populī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "populus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "populī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "populī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "populōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "populō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "populīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "populum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "populōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "populō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "populīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "popule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "populī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "populus<2>"
},
"expansion": "populus m (genitive populī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "populus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pūblicus"
},
{
"word": "Pūblius"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That the friendship of the Roman people ought to prove to him an ornament and a safeguard, not a detriment; and that he sought it with that expectation.",
"ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.44",
"text": "Amicitiam populi Romani sibi ornamento et praesidio, non detrimento esse oportere, atque se hac spe petisse."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a people, nation"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This concern in particular troubled the mindful Romans at the time, not so much because of anger, which has never been more justified against any other city, rather because a city so noble and powerful, in the same way that it had attracted the support of a number of communities by its revolt, was thought would again turn attention back towards respect for the previous government once recaptured.",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1",
"text": "Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a community of people"
],
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A shout from the people reaches the stars",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.374",
"text": "ā populō clāmor ad astra venit"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the people, public, crowd, host, multitude"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"public",
"public"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"host",
"host"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a group of people"
],
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a group of people"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a parish, part of a city"
],
"links": [
[
"parish",
"parish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a parish, part of a city"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpo.pu.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɔpʊɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpo.pu.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɔːpulus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "populus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin heteronyms",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pōpulnea"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "See also *plōppus § Descendants."
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "poll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: poll",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pollancre",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ pollancre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: poll, ⇒ pollancre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "piobu"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: piobu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: piobu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "poblo"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: poblo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: poblo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "pôl"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: pôl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: pôl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "píbol"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: píbol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: píbol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "poplier",
"3": "popler",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old French: poplier, popler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old French: poplier, popler"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "peuplier",
"3": "poeplier"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: peuplier, poeplier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: peuplier, poeplier"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "peuplier"
},
"expansion": "French: peuplier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: peuplier"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "popelier",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Dutch: popelier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Dutch: popelier"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "populier"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: populier",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: populier"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "popler",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: popler",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: popler"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "poplar"
},
"expansion": "English: poplar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: poplar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pobo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: pobo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: pobo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "piopa"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: piopa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: piopa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "poplo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: poplo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via descendants"
},
"expansion": "(via descendants)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: poplo (via descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "poplo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: poplo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via descendants"
},
"expansion": "(via descendants)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: poplo (via descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*papulā",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *papulā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *papulā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "pōpuł",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vilamovian: pōpuł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vilamovian: pōpuł"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "poplar"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πτελέα",
"t": "elm"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πτελέα (pteléa, “elm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*topolь",
"t": "poplar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *topolь (“poplar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*po-h₂pel-o-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *po-h₂pel-o-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀπελλόν"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀπελλόν (apellón)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare Ancient Greek πτελέα (pteléa, “elm”), Proto-Slavic *topolь (“poplar”). Possibly from an Proto-Indo-European *po-h₂pel-o-, from a root *h₂pel- also found in Ancient Greek ἀπελλόν (apellón), although the initial *po- is left unexplained. It is possible that some or all of these terms were borrowed from the same substrate continuum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pōpulus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pōpulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pōpulus<2>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "pōpulus f (genitive pōpulī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pōpulus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"poplar tree"
],
"links": [
[
"poplar",
"poplar"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:tree"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoː.pu.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpoːpʊɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpo.pu.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɔːpulus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "*plōppus"
}
],
"word": "populus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for populus meaning in All languages combined (17.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.