See pile-up on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pile-up meaning in All languages combined (10.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pile up"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from pile up",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from pile up.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pile-ups",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pile-up (plural pile-ups)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"word": "pile-on"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 41 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English deverbals",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "39 39 22",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Automotive",
"orig": "en:Automotive",
"parents": [
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Traffic was backed up for miles due to a twelve-car pile-up on the freeway earlier today."
},
{
"ref": "2020 August 29, Jeremy Whittle, “Alexander Kristoff takes Tour de France yellow jersey after day of crashe”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Pinot was among those involved in the huge pile-up just as the race entered the final three kilometres. Grazes were visible under his torn clothing as he pedalled, with a face like thunder, to the finish line.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pile, a group of people or things which have piled up on one another, especially",
"A pile of crashed vehicles due to a traffic accident."
],
"id": "en-pile-up-en-noun-en:traffic_accident",
"links": [
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"piled up",
"piled up"
],
[
"one another",
"one another"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"crash",
"crash"
],
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
],
[
"traffic",
"traffic"
],
[
"accident",
"accident"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A pile, a group of people or things which have piled up on one another, especially",
"A pile of crashed vehicles due to a traffic accident."
],
"senseid": [
"en:traffic accident"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "verižna katastrofa",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "верижна катастрофа"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "連環車禍"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liánhuán chēhuò",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "连环车祸"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "ketjukolari"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carambolage"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Karambolage"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "with five or more vehicles often",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Massenkarambolage"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "karampóla",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καραμπόλα"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "tömegkarambol"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tamponamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tamatsuki",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "玉突き"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karambol"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "engavetamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stolknovénije",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "столкнове́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "reťazová nehoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "choque múltiple"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 36 9",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "karambola"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Football (American)",
"orig": "en:Football (American)",
"parents": [
"Football",
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
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{
"_dis": "40 41 19",
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},
{
"_dis": "39 45 16",
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{
"_dis": "30 41 29",
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{
"_dis": "29 38 33",
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"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "39 39 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Automotive",
"orig": "en:Automotive",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pile, a group of people or things which have piled up on one another, especially",
"A pile of tackling players."
],
"id": "en-pile-up-en-noun-VvOW6Upf",
"links": [
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"piled up",
"piled up"
],
[
"one another",
"one another"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"American football",
"American football"
],
[
"tackling",
"tackling"
],
[
"player",
"player"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A pile, a group of people or things which have piled up on one another, especially",
"(American football) A pile of tackling players."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"topics": [
"American-football",
"ball-games",
"football",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 90 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pile of tackling players",
"word": "pelaajakasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 90 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pile of tackling players",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mêlée"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 41 19",
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"name": "English deverbals",
"parents": [],
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{
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{
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "30 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "39 39 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Automotive",
"orig": "en:Automotive",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Gavriel Salvendy, Handbook of Industrial Engineering: Technology and Operations Management",
"text": "If the supervisor deals with daily workload in an orderly way and does not put pressure on the employee about a pile-up of work, then the employee's perception of pressure will be reduced and the employee will not suffer from work pressure stress.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Carl-Mikael Zetterling, Process Technology for Silicon Carbide Devices, page 107",
"text": "Evidently, the annealing in NO ambient results in a pile-up of nitrogen at the oxide/SiC interface and this results in a reduction of interface states near the conduction band edge of 4H-SiC [16,30,31].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, G. Molnar, Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis: With Neutron Beams",
"text": "Cusp-like trapezoidal shaping functions have been shown to produce the best signal-to-noise ratio and still maintain short duration to avoid pile-up of events.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Hamilton I Mc Cubbin, Marvin B Sussman, Social Stress and the Family",
"text": "Because family crises evolve and are resolved over a period of time, families seldom are dealing with a single stressor, but rather, our longitudinal data suggest they experience a pile-up of stressors and strains (i.e., demands), particularly in the aftermath of a major stressor, such as a death, a major role change for one member, or a natural disaster.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An accumulation that occurs over time, especially one which is not welcome."
],
"id": "en-pile-up-en-noun-Ff~9DCJe",
"links": [
[
"accumulation",
"accumulation"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 97",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natrupvane",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "натрупване"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"word": "kasaantuminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"word": "kasautuminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"word": "kasautuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"word": "kasauma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "accumulation"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amoncellement"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"topics": [
"American-football",
"football",
"ball-games",
"games",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "dogpile"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"word": "pileup"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pile-up"
],
"word": "pile-up"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English deverbals",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English phrasal nouns",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"en:Automotive"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pile up"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from pile up",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from pile up.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pile-ups",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pile-up (plural pile-ups)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pile-on"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Traffic was backed up for miles due to a twelve-car pile-up on the freeway earlier today."
},
{
"ref": "2020 August 29, Jeremy Whittle, “Alexander Kristoff takes Tour de France yellow jersey after day of crashe”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Pinot was among those involved in the huge pile-up just as the race entered the final three kilometres. Grazes were visible under his torn clothing as he pedalled, with a face like thunder, to the finish line.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pile, a group of people or things which have piled up on one another, especially",
"A pile of crashed vehicles due to a traffic accident."
],
"links": [
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"piled up",
"piled up"
],
[
"one another",
"one another"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"crash",
"crash"
],
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
],
[
"traffic",
"traffic"
],
[
"accident",
"accident"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A pile, a group of people or things which have piled up on one another, especially",
"A pile of crashed vehicles due to a traffic accident."
],
"senseid": [
"en:traffic accident"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"en:Football (American)"
],
"glosses": [
"A pile, a group of people or things which have piled up on one another, especially",
"A pile of tackling players."
],
"links": [
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"piled up",
"piled up"
],
[
"one another",
"one another"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"American football",
"American football"
],
[
"tackling",
"tackling"
],
[
"player",
"player"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A pile, a group of people or things which have piled up on one another, especially",
"(American football) A pile of tackling players."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"topics": [
"American-football",
"ball-games",
"football",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Gavriel Salvendy, Handbook of Industrial Engineering: Technology and Operations Management",
"text": "If the supervisor deals with daily workload in an orderly way and does not put pressure on the employee about a pile-up of work, then the employee's perception of pressure will be reduced and the employee will not suffer from work pressure stress.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Carl-Mikael Zetterling, Process Technology for Silicon Carbide Devices, page 107",
"text": "Evidently, the annealing in NO ambient results in a pile-up of nitrogen at the oxide/SiC interface and this results in a reduction of interface states near the conduction band edge of 4H-SiC [16,30,31].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, G. Molnar, Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis: With Neutron Beams",
"text": "Cusp-like trapezoidal shaping functions have been shown to produce the best signal-to-noise ratio and still maintain short duration to avoid pile-up of events.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Hamilton I Mc Cubbin, Marvin B Sussman, Social Stress and the Family",
"text": "Because family crises evolve and are resolved over a period of time, families seldom are dealing with a single stressor, but rather, our longitudinal data suggest they experience a pile-up of stressors and strains (i.e., demands), particularly in the aftermath of a major stressor, such as a death, a major role change for one member, or a natural disaster.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An accumulation that occurs over time, especially one which is not welcome."
],
"links": [
[
"accumulation",
"accumulation"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"topics": [
"American-football",
"football",
"ball-games",
"games",
"sports",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "dogpile"
},
{
"word": "pileup"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "verižna katastrofa",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "верижна катастрофа"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "連環車禍"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "liánhuán chēhuò",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "连环车祸"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "ketjukolari"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carambolage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Karambolage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "with five or more vehicles often",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Massenkarambolage"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "karampóla",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "καραμπόλα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "tömegkarambol"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tamponamento"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tamatsuki",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "玉突き"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karambol"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "engavetamento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stolknovénije",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "столкнове́ние"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "reťazová nehoda"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "choque múltiple"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "pile of crashed cars",
"word": "karambola"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pile of tackling players",
"word": "pelaajakasa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pile of tackling players",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mêlée"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natrupvane",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "натрупване"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"word": "kasaantuminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"word": "kasautuminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"word": "kasautuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"word": "kasauma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "accumulation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "accumulation that occurs over time",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amoncellement"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pile-up"
],
"word": "pile-up"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.